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GI > Histology: Digestive Tract > Flashcards

Histology: Digestive Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Label the 4 types of papillae.

A
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2
Q

What cells line the oral cavity, oropharynx and laryngopharynx?

A
  • stratified squamous epithelium
  • generally not keratinised
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3
Q

What cells line the nasal cavity and nasopharynx?

A

-ciliated columnar epithelial cells -> respiratory epithelium

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4
Q

What cells line the anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

A

-Stratified squamous epithelium

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5
Q

What are the cells that line the posterior 1/3 of the tongue and what lie in its submucosa?

A
  • smooth stratified squamous eptihelium
  • lymphoid aggregates
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6
Q

What are the four type of papillae that line the tongue and where does each lie?

A
  • fungiform -> on the front and middle
  • circumvallate -> at the back of the tongue
  • foliate -> sides of the tongue
  • filiform -> all over the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
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7
Q

Which papillae do not contain tastebuds?

A

Filiform

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8
Q

What are the 4 components of the lymphoid tissue of the pharynx?

A
  • palatine tonsils
  • lingual tonsils
  • tubal tonsils
  • pharyngeal tonsils
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9
Q

What tissue is this a histological section of and what are the labels?

A

-palatine tonsil

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10
Q

What are the 4 major layers of the digestive tract?

A
  • mucosa
  • submucos
  • muscularis externa
  • serosa/adventitia
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11
Q

What does the mucosa comprise of?

A
  • epithelium
  • lamina propria
  • muscularis mucosae
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12
Q

What does the epithelium in the mucosa sit on?

A

The basal lamina -> extracellular matrix secreted by the epithelial cells

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13
Q

What 2 components does lamina propria comprise of?

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • GALT -> gut associated lymphoid tissue
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14
Q

What does the muscularis mucosae comprise of?

A

thin layer of smooth muscle

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15
Q

What does the submucosa comprise of?

A
  • loose connective tissue
  • submucous plexus (part of the ENS)
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16
Q

What does the Muscularis Externa comprise of?

A
  • two thick layers of smooth muscle: inner circular layer and outer longitudanal muscle
  • myenteric plexus (part of ENS)
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17
Q

What are the serosa/adventitia made of and what is their purpose?

A
  • layer of connective tissue
  • suspends organs in the GI tract or attaches them to other organs
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18
Q

What is the difference between serosa and adventitia?

A
  • serosa: made of two membranes, made of epithelial cells, visceral and peritoneal, contains serosal fluid between these membranes, covers organs that are intra-peritoneal e.g. stomach, small intestines
  • adventitia: made of loose connective tissue, binds organs to the body wall, covers organs that are retro-peritoneal e.g. pancreas, colon
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19
Q

What is this a cross section of and fill in the labels.

A

Oesophagus

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20
Q

What tissues make up the upper third, middle third and bottom third of the oesophagus?

A
  • upper 1/3: skeletal muscle
  • middle 1/3: transition to smooth muscle
  • bottom 1/3: smooth muscle
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21
Q

What are the only two parts of the GI tract with mucous glands in the submucosa?

A
  • oesophagus
  • duodenum
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22
Q

What is this a cross section of and fill in the labels.

A

submucosal glands of the oesophagus

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23
Q

Describe the cells at the gastro-oesophageal junction.

A

They change abruptly from the stratified squamous epithelium of the oesophagus to the simple columnar epithelium of the cardia of the stomach

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24
Q

What is this a diagram of and fill in the labels.

A
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25
Q

Where do gastric glands of the stomach lie?

A

In the bottom of the gastric pits

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26
Q

Label the parts of this gastric pit.

A
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27
Q

What is this a section of?

A

gastric pit

28
Q

What 2 cells is the isthmus mostly made up of?

A
  • stem cells
  • parietal cells
29
Q

What cells is the neck of the gastric pit mostly made up of?

A
  • Surface mucous cells
  • parietal cells
30
Q

What 3 cells is the fundus of the gastric pit mostly made up of?

A
  • chief cells
  • parietal cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
31
Q

What cells line the whole gastric pit?

A

Surface mucous cells

32
Q

What do chief cells produce?

A

Digestive enzymes e.g. pepsinogen, gastric lipase

33
Q

What do parietal cells produce?

A

hydrochloric acid

34
Q

What does the isthmus mark the point of in the gastric pit?

A

Where the gastric pit becomes the gastric gland

35
Q

Why does the muscularis externa of the stomach have an extra layer and where does it lie?

A
  • to aid churning
  • lies internal to the circular layer and oblique to it
36
Q

What cells

A
37
Q

Label the parts of the stomach

A
38
Q

Describe the difference in the gastric pits of the cardia, body and pylorus of the stomach.

A
  • cardia: deep gastric pits with loose, tortuous glands
  • body: shallow gastric pits with long straight glands
  • pylorus: deep gastric pits with branched, coiled densely packed glands
39
Q

What is the mucosa of the small intestine made up of?

A
  • villi
  • crypts of Lieberkuhn
40
Q

What layer of the stomach wall thickens to form the pyloric sphincter?

A

Inner circular layer of the muscularis externa

41
Q

What marks the gastroduodenal junction?

A

Pyloric sphincter

42
Q

What are the differences between the duodenum, jejenum and ileum?

A
  • duodenum: contains Brunner’s glands
  • jejenum: tall villi located on plicae circularis
  • ileum: shorter villi with Peyer’s Patches
43
Q

What is the plicae circularis of the jejenum?

A

circular folds of the mucosa and submucosa

44
Q

What are Peyer’s Patches?

A
  • Part of GALT -> lymphatic tissue
  • lie in mucosa and extend into submucosa of ileum
45
Q

List the 5 cells of the small intestinal epithelium.

A
  • enterocytes
  • goblet cells
  • paneth cells
  • stem cells
  • enteroendocrine cells
46
Q

What are enterocytes and what is significant about them in the small intestine?

A
  • absorptive cells
  • covered in microvilli in the small intestine
47
Q

What do goblet cells produce?

A

mucin

48
Q

What do Paneth cells produce and where are they found?

A
  • antibacterial products to control gut flora
  • at base of Crypts of Lieberkuhn
49
Q

What is this a section of?

A

Peyer’s Patches in the ileum

50
Q

Fill in the labels.

A
51
Q

What do Brunner’s glands secrete and what stimulates them to secrete?

A
  • alkaline mucous to protect from acidic chyme
  • the acidic chyme from the stomach
52
Q

What is this a section of and fill in labels.

A

Duodenum

53
Q

What is this an image of?

A

Plicae circularis

54
Q

Describe the mucosa of the large intestine in terms of arrangement and what cells it contains.

A
  • arranged into crypts, like test tubes in a rack
  • no villi
  • enterocytes (for removing salts and water)
  • goblet cells
55
Q

What is the taeniae coli of the colon?

A
  • longitudanal muscle of the colon is arranged into 3 strips along the ascending, transcending and descending parts of the colon into taeniae coli
  • they create the haustra.
56
Q

How does the appendix differ to the colon tissue.

A
  • contains a lot of lymphoid tissue
  • less crypts
57
Q

What happens to the cells in the rectoanal junction?

A

Rectal mucosa transitions abruptly to non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium of anal canal which then becomes keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

58
Q

Where do the two plexuses of the enteric nervous system lie?

A
  • inbetween the layers of the muscularis externa: myenteric plexus
  • in the submucosa: submucosal plexus
59
Q

What does the myenteric plexus control and what does the submucosal plexus control?

A
  • myenteric: controls gut motility through circular and longitudanal layers
  • submucosal: controls the muscle in the muscularis mucosae and regulates epithelial secretions
60
Q

How are the neurons of the enteric nervous system arranged?

A

In groups called ganglia

61
Q

What is a ganglion?

A

a group of neurons living outside of brain and spinal cord

62
Q

What cells are associated with protective function in the gi tract mucosa?

A

non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

63
Q

What cells are associated with absorptive function in the gi tract mucosa?

A
  • simple columnar epithelium
  • villi
  • tubular glands
64
Q

What cells are associated with secretory function in the gi tract mucosa?

A

simple columnar epithelium with tubular glands

65
Q

What cells are associated with protective and secretory function in the gi tract mucosa?

A

GI (29 decks)

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