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COM - Renal > Histology - Cole > Flashcards

Histology - Cole Flashcards

1
Q

describe pathway of blood flow from renal artery on

A

renal a. –> segmental (lobar) a. –> interlobar a. –> arcuate a.

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2
Q

what gives off the structures that makes the glomerulus?

A

interlobular artery

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3
Q

what does the renal corpuscle do?

A

filters fluid from blood

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4
Q

what does the tubular portion do?

A

modifies filtrate into urine

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5
Q

what surrounds the juxtamedullary nephron?

A

vasa recta

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6
Q

what makes up the uriniferous tubule?

A

nephron

collecting tube/duct

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7
Q

what makes up the renal tubule?

A

PCT, loop of Henle, DCT which empties into the CT

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8
Q

what makes up the renal corpuscle?

A

Bowman’s capsule (visceral and parietal layers)

tufts of fenestrated capillaries - glomerulus

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9
Q

what layer of Bowman’s capsule is lined by podocytes?

what is the parietal layer made of?

A

visceral layer

simple squamous epithelium

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10
Q

what makes up the glomerulus?

A

podocytes, fenestrated endothelial cells, mesangial cells

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11
Q

what makes up the JG apparatus?

A

afferent and efferent arterioles
Macula densa
Extraglomerular mesangial cells
JG cells

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12
Q

what are the functions of the mesangial cells?

A

contractile - reduce/inc. blood flow through caps
phagocytic (reabsorption)
Secretory - PGs and and endothelins
supportive - where visceral layer is absent (modified smooth m.)
CPSS

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13
Q

describe the glomerular capillaries

what are they permeable to?

what are they a barrier to?

A

fenestrated, large pores not covered by a diaphragm

water, glucose, urea, small proteins

formed elements in blood and large macromolecules

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14
Q

what does the basal lamina contain?

A

type 4 collagen
laminin
fibronectin
(-) charged proteoglycans

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15
Q

what does each pedical have?

A

glycocalyx of negatively-charged podocalyxin

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16
Q

what are the pedicles separated by?

A

filtration slits and covered by slit diaphragm

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17
Q

what does nephrin do?

A

retards passage of molecules through fenestrations and basal lamina

18
Q

mutations in nephrin gene lead to what?

A

congenital nephrotic syndrome

19
Q

what are large molecules trapped by?

what stops negatively charged molecules?

A

basal lamina

basal lamina and podocytes

20
Q

what kind of epithelium in PCT?

A

cuboidal/low columnar

microvilli w/brush border

21
Q

function of PCT?

A

reabsorption of glucose, a.a., vitamins, Na, Cl, H20

22
Q

function of loop of Henle?

A

form hypertonic urine by establishing osmotic gradient in hte interstitial fluid of medulla

23
Q

where is the thin ascending loop found?

what kind of epithelial of entire loop?

A

Juxtamedullary nephrons only

squamous

24
Q

what is the descending loop of Henle permeable to?

A

water and salt

as filtrate passes deeper, water is lost making it hypertonic

25
Q

what does the ascending loop have?

what is it impermeable to?

what does it do?

A

Na/K/Cl Pump (symporter)

water

makes filtrate isotonic or even hypotonic

26
Q

what kind of epithelium in DCT?

A

low cuboidal

27
Q

what do Principal cells do?

intercalated cells?

A

reabsorb Na, secrete K

secrete H+ and HCO3-

28
Q

what is the macula densa sensitive to?

what does it regulate via what mechanism?

A

NaCl

GFR by constricting afferent arteriole through Renin

29
Q

what does decreased blood volume stimulate?

A

detection by macula densa and release of Renin by JG cells

AGII causes aldosterone to be secreted by suprarenal glands and reabsorption of Na and water by DCT, CT, and CD

30
Q

what does aldosterone cause pumping of?

A

H and K ions into the lumen

31
Q

what does ANF do?

what secretes it?

A

increases Na and water EXCRETION
opposes aldosterone, inhibits ADH release

atrial myocytes

32
Q

what is urodilatin secreted by?

what does it do?

A

DCT and CD cells

inhibits NaCl and water reabsorption by medullary part and collecting ducts

33
Q

name flow from DCT out to ureter

A

CTs –> CDs –> papilla –> minor calyx –> major calyx –> renal pelvis –> ureter

34
Q

what releases ADH?

what does it do?

A

neurohypohysis (posterior pituitary)

reabsorb water from collecting ducts

35
Q

describe the characteristics of urothelium

A

stratified
umbrella cells lined by desmosomes and tight junctions
forms osmotic barrier

36
Q

what is the function of aldosterone?

what stimulates it?

A

reabsorption of NaCl in ascending loop of Henle, DCT, prinipal cells of CTs

increase in plasma [ ] of AgII and K+

37
Q

what endocrine products does the kidney make?

A

EPO, Vitamin D, renin, PGs

38
Q

what makes up the male urethra?

what kind of epithelium?

A

prostatic –> membranous –> penile

transitional –> pseudostratified/stratified columnar

39
Q

what epithelium makes up the female urethra?

A

pseudostratified columnar to stratified squamous to moderately keratinized stratified squamous

40
Q

what does the female urethra consist of?

A

inner smooth m. layer surrounded by external striated m. layer

41
Q

what are the functions of the urinary system?

A

REEC

regulation, elimination, endocrine, conservation

COM - Renal (5 decks)

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