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COM - Renal > Embryology - Cole > Flashcards

Embryology - Cole Flashcards

1
Q

what gives rise to the urogenital system?

A

nephrogenic cord and urogenital ridge

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2
Q

what is the 1st kidney formed?

when and how long?

A

pronephros

beg. of 4th week until day 24/25

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3
Q

what is the 2nd kidney formed?

when is it functional?

what does it form?

A

mesonephros

weeks 6-10

ductus deferens in males

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4
Q

where do mesonephric tubules form?

A

within nephrogenic cords

40 tubules

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5
Q

what are the mesonephric tubules?

A

primitive nephrons
20 pair found in lumbar region

differentiate into functional nephric units with glomeruli

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6
Q

where do the mesonephric ducts form from?

A

cords dorsolateral to tubules

empty into the cloaca

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7
Q

what is the renogenic mesoderm?

what does it do?

A

metanephric blastema

secretes GFs that induce growth of urerteric bud from caudal portion of mesonephric Duct

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8
Q

what are the cell adhesion molecules essential for condensation of the mesenchyme into an epithelium

A

Syndecan and E-cadherin

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9
Q

what does the metanephric blastema make?

A

bowman’s capsule, PCT, loop of Henle, DCT

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10
Q

what comes from the urteric bud?

A

CTs, CDs, minor and major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

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11
Q

where does renal fusion display an abnormal blood supply

A

middle sacral or common iliac arteries

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12
Q

what divides the cloaca?
what does the ventral portion develop into?
dorsal?

A

urorectal septum
bladder and urogenital sinus
rectum and anal canal

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13
Q

what is incorporated into the posterior wall of the urinary bladder?

A

weeks 4-6, mesonephric duct(pelvic urethra) and ureteric bud(to bladder wall)

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14
Q

what forms the trigone

A

triangular region of the incorporated mesonephric duct incorporated in the bladder wall

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15
Q

what is exstrophy of the bladder

A

failure of midline closure of inf. abdominal musculature of anterior wall fails to form

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16
Q

what does exstrophy of the bladder cause?

A

bifid penis or clitoris, bladder open to external environment

17
Q

what are the 4 urachus anomalies?

A

patent urachus - tubular urachus connects bladder to umbilicus
urachal sinus - caudal urachus partially obliterates
bladder diverticulum - proximal urachus partially obliterates
urachal cyst - urachus partially obliterates

18
Q

what does ectopic ureter develop from?

A

2 ureteric buds

19
Q

where do ectopic orifices open in females?

A

vestibule (38%)
urethra (32)
vagina (27)
uterus (3)

20
Q

where does an ectopic ureter occur in males?

A

prostatic urethra
seminal vesicles
ejaculatory duct
ductus deferens

21
Q

what is it called when ectopic ureters enter the male genital tract?

A

epididymorchitis, urine in testis

22
Q

pain as UTI or flank pain indicates what?

A

ureters draining into bladder neck or prostatic urethra

23
Q

what is a common cause of unilateral renal agenesis?

what absence is accompanied with this in males?

A

absence of mesonephric duct

ductus deferens

24
Q

bilateral renal agenesis causes what?

A 
hypoplastic lungs
Potter face (flattened everything)

due to oligohydramnios

25
Q

what is renal dysplasia and agenesis due to?

A

absence of inductive signals from the ureteric bud

mutations in GDNF signaling which controls branching and growth of ureteric bud

26
Q

where are the lesions in polycystic kidney disease?

A

PCT, loop of Henle

27
Q

what is wilm’s tumor due to?

what is it?

A

mutation in WT1

cancer of the kidney

28
Q

what does a failure of Rathke folds result in?

A

rectourethral fistula

29
Q

what happens in males if Rathke fold fails?

A

rectoprostatic fistula

30
Q

what happens in females if Rathke folds fail?

A

rectocloacal canal or

rectovaginal fistula

31
Q

where does the urinary and genital system develop from?

A

intermediate mesoderm of trilaminar disc

COM - Renal (5 decks)

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