Embryology - Cole Flashcards
what gives rise to the urogenital system?
nephrogenic cord and urogenital ridge
what is the 1st kidney formed?
when and how long?
pronephros
beg. of 4th week until day 24/25
what is the 2nd kidney formed?
when is it functional?
what does it form?
mesonephros
weeks 6-10
ductus deferens in males
where do mesonephric tubules form?
within nephrogenic cords
40 tubules
what are the mesonephric tubules?
primitive nephrons
20 pair found in lumbar region
differentiate into functional nephric units with glomeruli
where do the mesonephric ducts form from?
cords dorsolateral to tubules
empty into the cloaca
what is the renogenic mesoderm?
what does it do?
metanephric blastema
secretes GFs that induce growth of urerteric bud from caudal portion of mesonephric Duct
what are the cell adhesion molecules essential for condensation of the mesenchyme into an epithelium
Syndecan and E-cadherin
what does the metanephric blastema make?
bowman’s capsule, PCT, loop of Henle, DCT
what comes from the urteric bud?
CTs, CDs, minor and major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter
where does renal fusion display an abnormal blood supply
middle sacral or common iliac arteries
what divides the cloaca?
what does the ventral portion develop into?
dorsal?
urorectal septum
bladder and urogenital sinus
rectum and anal canal
what is incorporated into the posterior wall of the urinary bladder?
weeks 4-6, mesonephric duct(pelvic urethra) and ureteric bud(to bladder wall)
what forms the trigone
triangular region of the incorporated mesonephric duct incorporated in the bladder wall
what is exstrophy of the bladder
failure of midline closure of inf. abdominal musculature of anterior wall fails to form
what does exstrophy of the bladder cause?
bifid penis or clitoris, bladder open to external environment
what are the 4 urachus anomalies?
patent urachus - tubular urachus connects bladder to umbilicus
urachal sinus - caudal urachus partially obliterates
bladder diverticulum - proximal urachus partially obliterates
urachal cyst - urachus partially obliterates
what does ectopic ureter develop from?
2 ureteric buds
where do ectopic orifices open in females?
vestibule (38%)
urethra (32)
vagina (27)
uterus (3)
where does an ectopic ureter occur in males?
prostatic urethra
seminal vesicles
ejaculatory duct
ductus deferens
what is it called when ectopic ureters enter the male genital tract?
epididymorchitis, urine in testis
pain as UTI or flank pain indicates what?
ureters draining into bladder neck or prostatic urethra
what is a common cause of unilateral renal agenesis?
what absence is accompanied with this in males?
absence of mesonephric duct
ductus deferens
bilateral renal agenesis causes what?
hypoplastic lungs Potter face (flattened everything)
due to oligohydramnios
what is renal dysplasia and agenesis due to?
absence of inductive signals from the ureteric bud
mutations in GDNF signaling which controls branching and growth of ureteric bud
where are the lesions in polycystic kidney disease?
PCT, loop of Henle
what is wilm’s tumor due to?
what is it?
mutation in WT1
cancer of the kidney
what does a failure of Rathke folds result in?
rectourethral fistula
what happens in males if Rathke fold fails?
rectoprostatic fistula
what happens in females if Rathke folds fail?
rectocloacal canal or
rectovaginal fistula
where does the urinary and genital system develop from?
intermediate mesoderm of trilaminar disc
