Histology and general pathology

Question 1

What immune cells are found on skin?

Answer 1

Langheran’s cells

Question 2

It is a type of epithelia that carry out active transport. eg. Ovarian surfaces, rete testis, kidney tubules, small ducts of exocrine glands

Answer 2

Simple cuboidal

Question 3

It is a type of epithelia that carry out active transport. eg. Ovarian surfaces, rete testis, kidney tubules, small ducts of exocrine glands

Answer 3

Simple cuboidal

Question 4

What type of epithelia does the Trachea have?

Answer 4

Pseudo stratified columnar epithelia

Question 5

What is the difference of an endocrine and exocrine gland?

Answer 5

Endocrine- has no ducts (pituitary, adrenal, thyroid gland, pancreas (islet of langherans)
Exocrine- has ducts (salivary, sweat, oil glands, pancreas (acinar tissues)

Question 6

What gland that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland?

Answer 6

Pancreas
Endocrine gland- Islet of Lanherans
Exocrine- Acinar tissue

Question 7

What is a major constituent of a connectivd tissue?

Answer 7

Extra cellular matrix

Question 8

Embryonic tissue where all connective tissue originates

Answer 8

Mesenchyme

Question 9

A connective tissue that’s less commonly encountered found in embryonic specimens and in umbilical cord as “wharton’s jelly”

Answer 9

Myxoid CT

Question 10

What type of collagen is a Cartilage made of?

Answer 10

Type II cartilage
“carTWOlage

Question 11

What type of cartilage is the Invertebral disc made of?

Answer 11

Fibrocartilage

Question 12

Intercalated discs can be stained by?

Answer 12

Helly’s Zenker formol

Question 13

Somatostatin inhibits what hormones?

Answer 13

Glucagon, insulin and growth hormone

Question 14

What stain is used for NAN (neurofibrils, axon, neurons)

Answer 14

Bielschowsky’s technique

Question 15

What stain is used for Myelin?

Answer 15

Luxol fast blue

Question 16

Who is the father of Modern Pathology

Answer 16

Sir Rudolf Virchow

Question 17

Differentiate Signs from Symptoms

Answer 17

Signs
- Objective evidence
- measurable
- Physical observation

Symptoms
-subjective evidence
-Perceived by patients

Question 18

A retrogressive change where there is a failure of an organ to form an OPENING

Answer 18

atresia

Question 19

A developmental change where there is a complete NON-APPEARANCE of an organ

Answer 19

Agenesia

Question 20

A false hypertrophy can be caused by?

Answer 20

Edema fluid and connective tissue proliferation

Question 21

Identify the degenerative changes of each situation:
a. Ill-fitting dentures
b. Hypertension
c. Chronic smoker

Answer 21

a. Hyperplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Metaplasia

Question 22

It is a degenerative change where there is regressive alteration in size, shape, orientation that can become cancer

Answer 22

Dysplasia

Question 23

Marked regressive change in adults cells towards a more primitive or embryonic cell type

Answer 23

Anaplasia

Question 24

Type of exudate/inflammationwhere mucus is the main component

Answer 24

Catarrhal inflammation

Question 25

Form of chronic inflammation characterized by collections of activated macrophages often with T lymph and sometimes associated with central necrosis

Answer 25

Granulomatous inflammation

Question 26

Microscopically the hallmark of this type of necrosis is the conversion of normal cells into TOMBSTONES

Answer 26

Coagulative necrosis

Question 27

Type of necrosis where there is massive death or necrosis cause by combination of ischemia and superimposed bacterial infection

Answer 27

Gangrenous necrosis

Question 28

a. Refers to the active element of the tumor? b. Connective tissue framework of the tumor?

Answer 28

a.Parenchyma b. stroma

Question 29

a. Histologic characteristic of a tumor where there are more cells than supporting tissue? soft and very malignant, Parenchyma>stroma b. There is more connective tissue that cells.

Answer 29

a. Medullary b. Scirrhous

Question 30

Nomenclature of malignant tumors and their origin: CESC

Answer 30

Carcinoma= Epithelial origin Sarcoma= Connective tissue

Question 31

Grading of tumors based on the cell's differentiation

Answer 31

Broder's classification

Question 32

Color of paper in death certificate

Answer 32

Blue to White

Question 33

Primary signs/changes of death a. flat EEG b. absence of breath sounds c. flat ECG

Answer 33

a. Nervous failure b. Respiratory failure c. Circulatory failure

Question 34

In order of the Secondary changes of death "ARLPDPA"

Answer 34

Algor mortis Rigor mortis Livor mortis Post-mortem clot Desiccation Putrefaction Autolysis

Question 35

Algor mortis occurs at a definite rate of about?

Answer 35

7F per hour/ 14 C per hour

Question 36

Type of clot that is rubbery in consistency and assumes a yellow chicken fat appearance. Secondary changes of death

Answer 36

Post-mortem clot

Question 37

In putrefaction, what susbtance causes the foul-smelling brought by the invasion of saprophytic organism?

Answer 37

Cadaverin

Question 38

Describes abnormal accumulation of triglycerides in parenchyma

Answer 38

Steatosis

Question 39

Intracellular accumulation of cholesterol within macrophages

Answer 39

Xanthoma