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Histopath must knows > Histology and general pathology > Flashcards

Histology and general pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What immune cells are found on skin?

A

Langheran’s cells

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2
Q

It is a type of epithelia that carry out active transport. eg. Ovarian surfaces, rete testis, kidney tubules, small ducts of exocrine glands

A

Simple cuboidal

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3
Q

It is a type of epithelia that carry out active transport. eg. Ovarian surfaces, rete testis, kidney tubules, small ducts of exocrine glands

A

Simple cuboidal

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4
Q

What type of epithelia does the Trachea have?

A

Pseudo stratified columnar epithelia

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5
Q

What is the difference of an endocrine and exocrine gland?

A

Endocrine- has no ducts (pituitary, adrenal, thyroid gland, pancreas (islet of langherans)
Exocrine- has ducts (salivary, sweat, oil glands, pancreas (acinar tissues)

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6
Q

What gland that is both an endocrine and exocrine gland?

A

Pancreas
Endocrine gland- Islet of Lanherans
Exocrine- Acinar tissue

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7
Q

What is a major constituent of a connectivd tissue?

A

Extra cellular matrix

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8
Q

Embryonic tissue where all connective tissue originates

A

Mesenchyme

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9
Q

A connective tissue that’s less commonly encountered found in embryonic specimens and in umbilical cord as “wharton’s jelly”

A

Myxoid CT

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10
Q

What type of collagen is a Cartilage made of?

A

Type II cartilage
“carTWOlage

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11
Q

What type of cartilage is the Invertebral disc made of?

A

Fibrocartilage

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12
Q

Intercalated discs can be stained by?

A

Helly’s Zenker formol

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13
Q

Somatostatin inhibits what hormones?

A

Glucagon, insulin and growth hormone

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14
Q

What stain is used for NAN (neurofibrils, axon, neurons)

A

Bielschowsky’s technique

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15
Q

What stain is used for Myelin?

A

Luxol fast blue

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16
Q

Who is the father of Modern Pathology

A

Sir Rudolf Virchow

17
Q

Differentiate Signs from Symptoms

A

Signs
- Objective evidence
- measurable
- Physical observation

Symptoms
-subjective evidence
-Perceived by patients

18
Q

A retrogressive change where there is a failure of an organ to form an OPENING

A

atresia

19
Q

A developmental change where there is a complete NON-APPEARANCE of an organ

A

Agenesia

20
Q

A false hypertrophy can be caused by?

A

Edema fluid and connective tissue proliferation

21
Q

Identify the degenerative changes of each situation:
a. Ill-fitting dentures
b. Hypertension
c. Chronic smoker

A

a. Hyperplasia
b. Hypertrophy
c. Metaplasia

22
Q

It is a degenerative change where there is regressive alteration in size, shape, orientation that can become cancer

A

Dysplasia

23
Q

Marked regressive change in adults cells towards a more primitive or embryonic cell type

A

Anaplasia

24
Q

Type of exudate/inflammationwhere mucus is the main component

A

Catarrhal inflammation

25
Q

Form of chronic inflammation characterized by collections of activated macrophages often with T lymph and sometimes associated with central necrosis

A

Granulomatous inflammation

26
Q

Microscopically the hallmark of this type of necrosis is the conversion of normal cells into TOMBSTONES

A

Coagulative necrosis

27
Q

Type of necrosis where there is massive death or necrosis cause by combination of ischemia and superimposed bacterial infection

A

Gangrenous necrosis

28
Q

a. Refers to the active element of the tumor?
b. Connective tissue framework of the tumor?

A

a.Parenchyma
b. stroma

29
Q

a. Histologic characteristic of a tumor where there are more cells than supporting tissue? soft and very malignant, Parenchyma>stroma
b. There is more connective tissue that cells.

A

a. Medullary
b. Scirrhous

30
Q

Nomenclature of malignant tumors and their origin: CESC

A

Carcinoma= Epithelial origin
Sarcoma= Connective tissue

31
Q

Grading of tumors based on the cell’s differentiation

A

Broder’s classification

32
Q

Color of paper in death certificate

A

Blue to White

33
Q

Primary signs/changes of death
a. flat EEG
b. absence of breath sounds
c. flat ECG

A

a. Nervous failure
b. Respiratory failure
c. Circulatory failure

34
Q

In order of the Secondary changes of death “ARLPDPA”

A

Algor mortis
Rigor mortis
Livor mortis
Post-mortem clot
Desiccation
Putrefaction
Autolysis

35
Q

Algor mortis occurs at a definite rate of about?

A

7F per hour/ 14 C per hour

36
Q

Type of clot that is rubbery in consistency and assumes a yellow chicken fat appearance. Secondary changes of death

A

Post-mortem clot

37
Q

In putrefaction, what susbtance causes the foul-smelling brought by the invasion of saprophytic organism?

A

Cadaverin

38
Q

Describes abnormal accumulation of triglycerides in parenchyma

A

Steatosis

39
Q

Intracellular accumulation of cholesterol within macrophages

A

Xanthoma

Histopath must knows (4 decks)

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