Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cells to Systems > histology > Flashcards

histology Flashcards

1
Q

patholgy

A

study of diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

cytology

A

study of microscopic features of normal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

cytopathology

A

study of cells with disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

histology

A

study of microscopic features of normal tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

histopathology

A

study of tissue with disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the steps from specimen to report?

A

1) fixation
2) specimen collection / transportation / receipt
3) tissue selection + description
4) tissue processing
5) tissue embedding
6) microtomy
7) staining + mounting
8) quality assurance
9) reporting
10) specimen disposal
11) block + slide archiving

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

fixation

A

process of preserving cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ischaemia

A

restriction in blood supply to tissues, causing shortage of oxygen + food, and build up of waste

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

autolysis

A

uncontrolled release of intracellular enzymes from lysosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

putrefaction

A

action of microorganisms that produces gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is prevention of cellular deterioration done?

A

1) fixing

2) freezing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What factors affect the rate of fixation?

A

1) temperature
2) size of specimen + penetration of fixative
3) volume
4) pH + buffers
5) osmolarity
6) concentration
7) duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the 2 main types of histopathological specimens?

A

1) biopsy

2) surgical specimen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

histological sample

A

solid tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

cytological samples

A

isolated cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What methods are used for sample collection?

A

1) incision
2) resection
3) brush cytology
4) needle core biopsy
5) US guided fine needle aspirate
6) excisional biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What methods are used for sampling of skin?

A

1) excisional biopsy
2) incisional biopsy
3) shave biopsy
4) punch biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

excisional biopsy

A

complete lesion removed with margin of normal skin down to adipose tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

incisional biopsy

A

cross-section wedge of tissue through centre of lesion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

shave biopsy

A

horizontal shave of skin lesion with only superficial portion of dermis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

punch biopsy

A

sampling of cancers / tumors / inflammatory skin conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What method of fixation is used for histological examination?

A

neutral buffered formalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What method of fixation is used for cytological examination?

A

alcohol fixatives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What strength of formaldehyde is used for routine fixation?

A

4%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

macroscopic description of the specimen

A

description that includes gross appearance / measurements / details of blocks taken

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Who makes histopathological diagnosis?

A

pathologist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Who tests patients samples?

A

biomedical scientist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

H&E

A

haematoxylin + eosin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What colour is cytoplasm + nuclei with H&E?

A

1) cytoplasm = pink

2) nuclei = purple

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

How thick is simple epithelium tissue?

A

one cell thick

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What are the types of simple epithelium tissue?

A

1) simple squamous epithelium
2) simple cuboidal epithelium
3) non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium
4) ciliated simple columnar epithelium
5) pseudostratified columnar epithelium

32
Q

Where is simple squamous epithelium tissue found?

A

1) lining of the heart
2) lining of blood vessels
3) lining of lymphatic vessels
4) lining air sacs
of the lungs (alveoli)
5) glomerular (Bowman’s) capsule of the kidney
6) mesothelial
lining of the peritoneum

33
Q

Where is simple cuboidal epithelium tissue found?

A

1) covering of the ovary
2) lining kidney tubules
3) smaller ducts of many glands
4) secretory portion of some glands such as the thyroid; 5) lines the ducts
of glands such as the pancreas(interlobular duct)

34
Q

Where is non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium tissue found?

A

1) lining GI tract (stomach to anus)
2) lines the ducts of many glands + gall
bladder

35
Q

Where is ciliated simple columnar epithelium tissue found?

A

1) lining some bronchioles (small airway tubes) of respiratory tract
2) lining
uterine (fallopian) tubes
3) lining efferent ducts of the testes
4) lining central
canal of spinal cord
5) lining ventricles of brain.

36
Q

Where is pseudostratified columnar epithelium tissue found?

A

1) airways of most of the upper respiratory tract
2) larger ducts of many glands
3) epididymis
4) part of male urethra

37
Q

How thick is stratified epithelium tissue?

A

many cells thick

38
Q

What are the types of stratified epithelium tissue?

A

1) stratified squamous epithelium
2) stratified cuboidal epithelium
3) stratified columnar epithelium
4) transitional epithelium

39
Q

What reagent s dehydration done with?

A

ethanol

40
Q

What reagent is clearing done with?

A

solvent xylene

41
Q

What reagent is impregnation done with?

A

molten paraffin wax

42
Q

Where is stratified squamous epithelium tissue found?

A

1) superficial layer of the skin (keratinised variety)
2) wet surfaces such as the mouth/oesophagus/part of the larynx/part
of the pharynx/vagina/covers the tongue (non-keratinised variety

43
Q

Where is stratified cuboidal epithelium tissue found?

A

1) lining the ducts of adult sweat glands
2) oesophageal gland
3) part of the male
urethra.

44
Q

Where is stratified columnar epithelium tissue found?

A

1) lining part of the urethra
2) lining large excretory ducts of some glands (e.g.
oesophageal glands)
3) covering small areas of anal mucous membrane
4) covering the conjunctiva of the eye.

45
Q

Where is transitional epithelium tissue found?

A

1) lining the urinary bladder

2) portions of the ureters + urethra

46
Q

What are the types of epithelial tissues?

A

1) simple epithelium
2) stratified epithelium
3) glandular epithelium

47
Q

What are the types of glandular epithelium tissue?

A

1) endocrine glands

2) exocrine glands

48
Q

Give some examples of endocrine glands.

A

1) pituitary,
2) pineal
3) thyroid
4) parathyroid
5) adrenal
6) pancreas
7) ovaries
8) testes

49
Q

How are exocrine glands classified?

A

according to the shape of the secretory part

50
Q

What are the shapes of exocrine glands?

A

1) simple tubular e.g. crypt of Lieberkuhn (small intestine)
2) simple branched tubular e.g. fundic gland (stomach)
3) simple coiled tubular e.g. sweat gland (skin)
4) simple acinar (alveolar or saccular) e.g. glands of the penile urethra
5) simple branched acinar e.g. sebaceous gland (oil glands associated with hair follicles of the skin)
6) compound tubular e.g.; bulbourethral gland (the Cowper’s gland which is an accessory sex gland of the penis)
7) compound acinar e.g. mammary gland
8) compound tubuloacinar e.g. acinar glands of the pancreas; Brunner’s glands of the duodenum

51
Q

What are the types of mature connective tissues?

A

1) loose connective tissue
2) dense connective tissue
3) cartilage
4) bone
5) liquid connective tissue

52
Q

What are the types of loose connective tissue?

A

1) areolar connective tissue
2) adipose tissue
3) reticular connective tissue

53
Q

What are the types of dense connective tissue?

A

1) dense regular connective tissue
2) dense irregular connective tissue
3) elastic connective tissue

54
Q

What are the types of cartilage?

A

1) hyaline cartilage
2) fibrocartilage
3) elastic cartilage

55
Q

What are the types of bone tissue?

A

compact bone

56
Q

What are the types of liquid connective tissue?

A

1) blood

2) lymph

57
Q

What does areolar connective tissue consist of?

A

fibres + several kinds of cells embedded in a semi-fluid ground substance

58
Q

What does adipose tissue consist of?

A

adipocytes

59
Q

adipocytes

A

cells specialised to store triglycerides as a large centrally located droplet

60
Q

triglycerides

A

fats

61
Q

What does reticular connective tissue consist of?

A

a network of interlacing reticular fibres + reticular cells

62
Q

What does dense regular connective tissue consist of?

A

collagen fibres regularly arranged in bundles with fibroblasts present in rows between bundles

63
Q

What does dense irregular connective tissue consist of?

A

predominantly of collagen fibres randomly arranged + a few fibroblasts

64
Q

What does elastic connective tissue consist of?

A

predominantly of freely branching elastic fibres with fibroblasts present in spaces between fibres

65
Q

What does hyaline cartilage consist of?

A

a bluish-white, shiny ground substance with thin, fine collagen fibres + many chondrocytes

66
Q

What is the most abundant type of cartilage?

A

hyaline cartilage

67
Q

What does fibrocartilage consist of?

A

chondrocytes scattered among thick bundles of collagen fibres within the extracellular matrix

68
Q

What does elastic cartilage consist of?

A

chondrocytes located in a threadlike network of elastic fibres within the extracellular matrix

69
Q

What does compact bone tissue consist of?

A

osteons that contain lamella. lacunae, osteocyte, canaliculi, + a central canal

70
Q

What does spongy bone tissue consist of?

A

thin columns with red bone marrow filling spaces between the columns

71
Q

What does blood consist of?

A

blood plasma + formed elements, red blood cells, white blood cells, + platelets

72
Q

erythrocytes

A

red blood cells

73
Q

leukocytes

A

white blood cells

74
Q

thrombocytes

A

platelets

75
Q

What does lymph consist of?

A

several types of cells in a clear liquid extracellular matrix

76
Q

germinal centre

A

site within secondary lymphoid organs (lymph node + spleen)

Cells to Systems (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions