Histology Flashcards
state two functions of the ovary
production of oocytes through oogenesis
production of steroid hormones, progestogen and oestrogen
what cell type makes up the medulla of the ovary
loose connective tissue, highly vascular structure
describe the structure of the cortex
scattered ovarian follicles in the centre with dense connective tissue layers in the outer shell
what are atretic follicles
follicles that begin their journey but do not complete it and undergo apoptosis
what is the name of the first follicle in follicular development
primordial follicle - ooctye is contained within this
what hormone secretion causes follicular development to occur
FSH
after the primordial follicle is formed, what is the next follicle and what is its cell type
primary follicle, cuboidal cells
what type of follicle follows the primary follicle
late primary follicle
secondary follicle
what does the theca interna cells of the follicle secrete
oestrogen
what term describes the collection of follicles just before ovulation
Graafian follicle
what happens just before ovulation to the Graafian follicle
undergoes meiosis 1
produces 2 ooctyes, of different sizes, secondary oocyte is similar to the primary oocyte and the other a tiny polar body
what must occur for the secondary oocyte to complete the second phase of meiosis
fertilisation and after ovulation for it to become a mature oocyte
what is the corpus luteum
collection of theca and granulosa cells secreting hormones, it is the remains of the follicle after ovulation when the oocyte has been released
what is the function of the corpus luteum
prepares the uterus for implantation
if implantation does not occur, what is the corpus luteum called
corpus albicans - white coloured connective tissue
if implantation does occur, what is secreted to maintain the corpus luteum
placenta secreted HCG which maintains progesterone levels maintaining the pregnancy
where is the site of fertilisation
ampulla
where does implantation occur
uterus
describe the cells that make up the ampulla
simple columnar epithelium and secretory cells
what are the 3 layers of the uterus
endometrium
myometrium
perimetrium
what cells make up the endometrium
tubular secretory glands embedded on a connective tissue stroma
inner lining of the uterus that is shed during menstruation
what cells make up the myometrium
3 indistinct layers of smooth muscle combine with collagen and elastic tissue
what cells make up the perimetrium
visceral covering of loose connective tissue, covered by mesothelium
what is the stratum functionalis
area of endometrium that undergoes monthly growth, regeneration and loss
what is the stratum basilis
area of endometrium closer to the myometrium that is reserve tissue that regenerates the stratum functionalis
what are the three phases of the menstrual cycle
menstrual phase - proliferative phase - secretory phase
ovulation takes place between which 2 phases of the menstrual cycle
between the proliferative and secretory phase
what happens during the proliferative phase in the uterus
stratum basilis proliferates allowing glands and vasculature to grow
this increases the thickness of endometrium by reconstituting the stratum functionalis
what happens during the secretory phase in the uterus
glands become coiled with corkscrew appearance
secrete glycogen
what happens during the menstrual phase in the uterus
arterioles in the stratum functionalis undergo constriction, causing tissue ischaemia
this causes tissue breakdown and leakage of blood
describe the cell types at the transition zone of the cervix
transitions to simple columnar epithelium from stratified squamous epithelium at the squamocolumnar junction
how many layers of the vagina are there
4 stratified squamous epithelium lamina propria fibromuscular layer adventitia
what is the outer layer of the vagina made up of
non-keratinised stratified squamous epithelium - thicker during reproductive years
