Anatomy Flashcards
list the contents of the pelvic cavity
uterus
ovaries
uterine tubes
superior vagina
list the contents of the perineum
inferior part of vagina clitoris labia perineal muscles Bartholins glands
what is the function of Bartholins glands
provide lubrication for the vagina
what is the function of the peritoneum
transparent membrane secreting small amount of fluid, lines abdominal cavity and roof of the pelvic cavity
list the 2 pouches present in female reproductive system
vesico-uterine pouch
recto-uterine pouch (pouch of Douglas) most inferior part of peritoneal cavity meaning free fluid collects here
where is the broad ligament of the uterus located
extends between the uterus and lateral walls and the floor of the pelvis
what is the function of the broad ligament of the uterus
maintains the uterus in midline position
where is the round ligament of the uterus located
attaches to the lateral aspect of the uterus
passes through deep inguinal ring to attach to superficial tissue of female perineum
proximal part is contained in broad ligament of uterus
name the 3 layers of the uterus
perimetrium
myometrium
endometrium
for a normal pregnancy to occur, where should the correct implantation of zygote occur
in the body of the uterus
name the 3 levels that maintain the position of the uterus
endopelvic fascia
several strong uterosacral ligaments
muscles of the pelvic floor (levator ani)
what is the most common variation of positioning of the uterus
anteverted and anteflexed - cervix tipped anteriorly to the axis of the vagina and uterus tipped anteriorly to the axis of the cervix
in a cervical smear, what area must be sampled
the squamo-columnar junction or transformation zone
what is a bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy
removal of both uterine tubes and ovaries
describe the route of and ovum when it is released from an ovary
fimbrae (ciliated projections attached to infundibulum) capture the ovum from ovary
travels along the infundibulum to the ampulla where fertilisation can occur and then through to the isthmus
what is the function of the ovaries
secrete oestrogen and progesterone in response to FSH and LH
what prevents the superior aspects of the vaginal walls near the cervix from keeping in contact
the 4 fornixes which keep the walls apart
anterior, posterior and 2 lateral
during a vaginal examination what structures are palpated at 4pm and 8pm positions
ischial spines
what are adnexae
appendages of the uterus eg uterine tubes
describe the perineum
shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and the skin, contains openings for the alimentary, renal and reproductive tracts
the levator ani is made up of several smaller muscles true/false
true
how does the levator ani provide continuous support for pelvic organs
is tonically contracted at all times
reflexively contracts further when intra-abdominal pressure rises eg coughing
