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Cardio > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Basic layer structure of blood vessels?

A 
tunica intima (inner)
internal elastic membrane
tunica media (middle)
external elastic membrane
tunica adventitia (outer)
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2
Q

tunica intima of blood vessels is made of?

A

simple squamous endothelium + thin layer CT

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3
Q

tunica media of blood vessels is made of?

A

predominately smooth muscle (very variable thickness)

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4
Q

tunica adventitia of blood vessels is made of?

A

supporting CT

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5
Q

Big arteries have?

A

lots of elastic tissue in tunica media to allow pumping and recoil

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6
Q

arterioles are made up of?

A

tunica intima
tunica media with 1 or 2 layers smooth muscle
almost no adventitia

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7
Q

capillaries are made up of?

A

endothelial cells + basal lamina PLUS pericytes (CT cells with contractile properties)

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8
Q

what are the types of capillary?

A

continuous
fenstrated
discontinuous/sinusoidal

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9
Q

veins are made of?

A

tunica intima
thin tunica media (lot thinner than arteries as only few layers smooth muscle)
adventitia (thick in larger veins)

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10
Q

valves in veins are made of?

A

inward extensions of tunica media

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11
Q

lymphatics are thin or thick walled?

A

thin

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12
Q

lymph nodes are for?

A

immunological surveillance

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13
Q

how is flow established in lymphatic vessels?

A

NO pump

smooth muscle in walls PLUS hydrostatic pressure in tissue PLUS compression of vessels by voluntary muscle PLUS valves

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14
Q

the heart is made up of which 3 layers?

A

endocardium (inner)
myocardium
epicardium (outer

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15
Q

endocardium does what?

A

lines entire inner surface of heart inc valves

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16
Q

endocardium is made up of what?

A

endothelium + basal lamina + thin layer of collagen fibres + dense CT (sometimes subendocardium)

17
Q

where is the subendocardium located?

A

between the endocardium and myocardium

18
Q

what does the subendocardium contain?

A

loose CT with small blood vessels, nerves and the conducting system

19
Q

what does the myocardium contain?

A

contractile cardiac muscle + individual muscle fibres surrounded by collagneous CT with lots of capillaries

20
Q

what is the epicardium made of?

A

mesothelium (flattened epi) + basal lamina + CT + adipose tissue

21
Q

in which layer are coronary arteries embedded?

A

in adipose tissue of the epicardium

22
Q

what is the pericardium made up of?

A 
fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium (visceral and parietal)
23
Q

what is the fibrous pericardium made of?

A

tough fibrocollagenous CT

24
Q

what is the serous pericardium made of?

A

mesothelium + basal lamina + CT

25
Q

what is the function of the fibrous skeleton of the heart?

A

support valves
provide attachment for myocardium
non-conducting so isolates atria from ventricles

26
Q

what is the fibrous skeleton made of?

A

thick bands of CT

27
Q

what are the heart valves made of?

A

outer endo + basal lamina + collagen and elastin fibre layer + lamina fibrosa (core of dense CT continious with fibrous skeleton)

28
Q

which heart valves are anchored by papillary muscles?

A

tricuspid and mitral

29
Q

what holds the leaflets of the valves to the papillary muscles?

A

chordae tendineae

30
Q

do heart valves contain blood vessels?

A

no

31
Q

3 types of cardiac muscle cells are?

A

contractile
pacemaker
conducting

32
Q

name 3 characteristics of pacemaker cells

A

Much smaller than contractile muscle cells
Appear pale
Have few myofibrils as not made to contract

33
Q

Name 2 characteristics of conducting cells

A

Larger than contractile cardiac muscle cells

Pale with clear centre

34
Q

where are pacemaker cells found?

A

Embedded in extensive CT

35
Q

where are conducting cells found?

A

subendocardial layer just deep to endocardium

Cardio (8 decks)

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