Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardiovascular Anatomy > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the heart

A
  1. Epicardium
  2. Myocardium
  3. Endocardium
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epicardium

A

Simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium)

Thin layer of (fibroelastic) CT and fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle fibres (striated) in different planes to close down lumen chamber

  • Central rounded nuclei
  • Intercalated discs
  • Rich capillary bed
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Endocardium

A

Simple squamous epithelium that lines the atria, ventricles and valves

  • Underlying basement membrane
  • Small layer of loose CT and adipose tissue
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Elastic aorta examples

A

Aorta

Pulmonary trunk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Elastic artery function

A

Large conducting vessels that act as pressure reservoirs by stretching during systole
- Pressure falls during diastole and the artery recoils maintaining pressure on the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Elastic artery histology

A

Vasa vasorum in T. adventitia

Elastic fibre laminae (elastin secreted by smooth muscle cells) in T. media

Single layer of endothelial cells with elastin rich collagen supporting layer in T. intima

  • Fibroblasts and myointimal cells
  • Accumulate lipid with ageing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Muscular artery function

A

Distributing vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Muscular artery histology

A

T. adventitia contains collagen and elastin.
- External elastic layer

Thick T. media primarily smooth muscle (no elastic laminae), elastin and collagen
- Internal elastic layer

T. intima is flattened endothelial cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Arteriole function

A

Terminal branches which supply blood to capillary bed (local) and control blood pressure (systemic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Arteriole histology

A

T. adventitia merges with surrounding tissue
- No EEL

Only 1-2 layers of smooth muscle for T. media
- No IEL

T. intima is simple squamous epithelium

Rich sympathetic innervation
Diameter: 100-300 um

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Capillary function

A

Main site of exchange for nutrients and gases

  • Low blood pressure
  • Very thin-walled
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Capillary histology

A

T. Intima only
Diameter 3-4 um
- Endothelium on BM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pericytes

A

Incomplete layer of cells surrounding BM have contractile properties to control blood flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Continuous capillaries

A

Materials must pass through cell or between cell
Selective transport mechanisms
- E.g. muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Fenestrated capillaries

A

Have fenestrations/pores (up to 100 um)

  • With or without protein diaphragms (filter by MW and/or charge)
  • e.g. endocrine glands, renal corpuscle
17
Q

Discontinuous

A

Gaps between endothelial cells (and BM) which allows free movement of fluid and cells
- e.g. liver, spleen, bone marrow

18
Q

Sinusoids

A

Large diameter discontinuous capillaries. Found where large amount of exchange occurs (e.g. liver)
- T. Intima contains phagocytic cells

19
Q

Venule histology

A

T. adventitia fuses with surrounding tissue

1 or 2 layers of smooth muscle in the T. media

Clear T. intima without elastic fibres

  • Diameter: 8-100 um
20
Q

Veins

  • Superficial
  • Deep
A

Superficial: thick walled, no surrounding support
Deep: thin walled, surrounding support from deep fascia and muscles

21
Q

Vein histology

A

T. adventitia is the broadest layer containing longitudinal collagen fibres and vasa vasorum.

T. media contains 2-3 layers of muscle cells

T. intima is thin and folds produce valves

IEL and OEL thin or absent

22
Q

Muscular vein histology

A

T. adventitia contain vasa vasorum

T. media: thick muscular wall

T. intima: simple squamous endothelial cells

IEL and OEL absent

23
Q

Lymphatic system function and histology

A

Drains tissue fluid lost from blood capillaries and returns to systemic circulation

  • Nodes present alongside major veins
  • Valves direct flow
24
Q

Lymph capillary histology

A

Endothelium very thin.
No fenestrations
Absent or rudimentary basal lamina
Anchoring filaments (collagen link endothelial cell to surrounding tissue)
No RBCs
- Lumen maintained at negative hydrostatic pressure

Cardiovascular Anatomy (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions