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2L03 Lab Course > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Histology

A

study of healthy tissue

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2
Q

Pathology

A

study of unhealthy tissue

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3
Q

What are major components of a tissue?

A

cells, fibres, and matrix

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4
Q

What are the four different types of tissues?

A

epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue

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5
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

tissue that covers and lines organ and organisms; found on the surface

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6
Q

Connective tissue

A

tissue that connects and supports; not found on the surface

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7
Q

Muscle tissue

A

tissue that contracts and produces movement

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8
Q

Nervous tissue

A

tissue that responds to stimuli and conducts impulses for communication of information

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9
Q

Three ways to classify epithelia cells

A

number of cell layers, shape of cells, and function of cells

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10
Q

Two categories based on number of cell layers

A

simple epithelia + stratified epithelia

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11
Q

Simple epithelia

A

comprised of a single layer of cells

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12
Q

Stratified epithelia

A

comprised of two or more layers of cells

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13
Q

Three categories based on shape of cells

A

squamous epithelia + cuboidal epithelia + columnar epithelia

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14
Q

Squamous epithelia

A

flat shape

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15
Q

Cuboidal epithelia

A

cubed shape

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16
Q

Columnar epithelia

A

elongated shape

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17
Q

Two categories based on function of cells

A

transitional epithelia + germinal epithelia

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18
Q

Transitional epithelia

A

specialized to deal with stretch and serves as a barrier for toxicity

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19
Q

Germinal epithelia

A

lines the reproductive organs and specialized to produce gametes

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20
Q

Three types of fibres found in connective tissue

A

collagen + reticular fibres + elastin

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21
Q

Five types of cells found in connective tissue

A

fibroblasts + macrophages + mast cells + adipose cells + blood cells

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22
Q

Fibroblasts

A

synthesize fibres and matrix

23
Q

Macrophages

A

ingest bacteria and dead cells

24
Q

Mast cells

A

secrete heparin and histamine

25
Q

Adipose cells

A

store fat and act as packing material

26
Q

Three categories of connective tissue

A

loose, dense, and specialized

27
Q

Loose

A

more ground substance, less fibres

28
Q

Dense

A

less ground substance, more fibres

29
Q

Specialized

A

provide structure, strength and support tissue

30
Q

Three types of loose connective tissue

A

areolar, adipose, and reticular

31
Q

Two types of dense connective tissue

A

irregular and regular

32
Q

Three types of specialized connective tissue

A

cartilage, bone, and blood

33
Q

Three categories of fibres in cartilage

A

hyaline, elastic, and fibrous

34
Q

Areolar Fibres

A
  • fibres are so far apart that they have room for the matrix in between
  • strong enough to bind tissue, and soft enough to provide flexibility and cushioning
  • cells obtain nutrients and expel waste here
  • holds organs in place and attaches epithelial tissues to other underlying tissues
  • found in gastrointestinal tract and blood vessels
35
Q

Reticular Fibres

A
  • main structural part of tissues
  • forms a soft framework, and acts as a scaffold for cells
  • found in lymphatic tissue and bone marrow
36
Q

Adipose Fibres

A
  • consists of adipocytes
  • stores energy in the form of fat
  • cushions and insulates the body
  • found in subcutaneous tissue, mesentery, and bone marrow
37
Q

Irregular Dense Connective tissue

A
  • loose arrangement of fibres
  • moderately viscous fluid matrix
  • impact resistant, provides mechanical support
  • found in joint capsules, muscles, and dermis of the skin
38
Q

Regular Dense Connective Tissue

A
  • fibres form main element and are composed of collagen
  • rows of fibroblasts that generate fibres
  • found in tendons and ligaments
39
Q

Function of the Integument

A
  • protects the body from mechanical injury & loss of fluid
  • excretes waste and acts as a barrier against toxins
40
Q

Structure of Integument

A
  • epidermis and dermis
41
Q

Intrinsic Aging Factors

A

genetics, hormones

42
Q

Extrinsic Aging Factors

A

UV rays, diet, pollution, stress

43
Q

How is tissue processed?

A

Fixation -> Paraffin Processing and Embedding -> Tissue sectioning -> Tissue staining -> Image analysis -> data & stats analysis

44
Q

What were the tissue samples observed in the histology lab?

A

Mouse’s lungs, intestine, liver and appendix

45
Q

What were the two stains used to stain the tissue? What colour did they turn?

A

Hematoxylin which stained DNA blue, and eosin which stained the rest of the cell components pink.

46
Q

What is xylene used for?

A

To remove the paraffin/dissolve the wax from the slide

47
Q

What is fixation?

A

Process in which cell structure is preserved

48
Q

What is paraffin processing and embedding used for?

A

method used to study sections of tissues

49
Q

What portions of the paraffin method did we perform in the histology lab?

A

embedding in paraffin, cleaning & staining, and preparation of permanent mounts

50
Q

What reagent is used for the dehydration process of the paraffin method?

A

isopropyl alcohol (IPA)

51
Q

What mounting medium was used in the histology lab?

A

Permount

52
Q

What tissues will be used in the histology lab?

A

mouse skin, rat skin

53
Q

What cutting apparatus is used for tissue sectioning in the paraffin method?

A

Microtome

2L03 Lab Course (4 decks)

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