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IBSS mod 3 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Resolution

A

the smallest distance at which two points can be distinguished from each other.

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2
Q

Resolution of the - Human eye - Bright-Field Microscope - TEM

A

-Human eye: 0.2 mm • Bright-field microscope: 0.2 µm • TEM: 2-3 nm

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3
Q

TEM allows to examine internal cellular structure

A

Electron-dense Electron-lucent

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4
Q

what region is shown by the colored dots?

A

TEM terms: Electron-dense (red), Electron-lucent (purple)

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5
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow

A

BASIC stains, e.g. hematoxylin (blue), interact with acidic cellular components (basophilic, e.g. nucleic acids)

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6
Q

What is indicated by the red arrow

A

ACIDIC stains, e.g. eosin (pink), interact with basic cellular components (acidophilic, e.g. cytoplasm)

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7
Q

Name the steps in the preparation of tissue

A
  • Fixation chemical physical
  • Dehydration water→ethanol →xylene
  • Embedding paraffin
  • Sectioning ​
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8
Q

This picture is an example of what type of staining

A

Acidic components:

  • Stain with basic dyes (e.g. hematoxylin)
  • They are “basophilic” (typically blue)
  • Examples: Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) Dye+Nucleic acid
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9
Q

This picture is an example of what type of staining

A

Basic components:

  • Stain with acidic dyes (e.g. eosin)
  • They are “acidophilic” (typically pink/red)
  • Examples: Cytoplasm Collagen fibers Examples of cell/tissue staining Collagen+Dye
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10
Q

What is this and what cell components does it stain

A

Hematoxylin

Stains basophilic cell components

Negatively charged anionic tissue - RNA+DNA (Acidic)

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11
Q

What is this and what cell components does it stain

A

Eosin

Stains acidophilic cell components - positively charged

Basic strcutures - like cytoplasm and collagen fibers

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12
Q

What stains are included in this pic

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin

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13
Q

What is this stain and what is it used for

A

Orcein – elastic fibers

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14
Q

What is this stain and what is it used for

A

Sudan black, osmium tetroxide - lipids

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15
Q

What is this stain and what is it used for

A

Silver stainreticular fibers

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16
Q

Name this stain and what its used for

A

PAS (Periodic Acid – Schiff) – carbohydrates

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17
Q

Name this stain and what its used for

A

Immunocytochemistry – specific Antibody-based interactions

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18
Q

Name the stain and what its used for

A

Trichrome stains – collagen fibers (blue or green)

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19
Q

Freeze fracture & freeze etch is used for what

A

SEM & TEM

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20
Q

What does this picture represent and what is its stain

A

Mucus, PAS stain

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21
Q

What does this picture represent and what is its stain

A

Lipids

Sudan black

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22
Q

What is represented in this picture

A

Red blood cell (RBC or erythrocyte) can be used as a “biological yardstick”. RBC’s diameter is 7-8 µm.

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23
Q

What is represented in this picture

A

Artificial spaces between the cells (tissue shrinkage).

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24
Q

What is represented in this picture

A

“Empty cells” due to the loss of substances.

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25
What is represented in this picture
Wrinkles in the sectioned tissue
26
What type of tissue is this and in what part of the body is it located
Epithelial cells in the kidney
27
What type of tissue is this and in what part of the body is it located
Dorsal root ganglion cells
28
What type of tissue is this and in what part of the body is it located
Smooth muscle cells of the small intestine
29
What structures are represented in this picture
Electron micrograph of a plasma membrane (plasmalemma) that surrounds the cell It contains phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins
30
What process is represented in the picture
Ingestion of large particles results in the formation of an intracellular vacuole (phagosome)
31
What process is occurring in picture
Pinocytosis
32
Label the letters depicted in the image
Ps: phagosomes B: Bacteria rER: rough endoplasmic reticulum M: Mitochondria NE: Nuclear envelope L: Lysosome
33
Label the letters depicted in the image and identify what process is occurring
SG: Secretory granules rER: rough endoplasmic reticulum M: Mitochondria N: Nucleous Nu: Nucleolus L: Glandular lumen EXOCYTOSIS
34
Identify what type of cell is shown and from what organ
EM illustrates typical protein-secreting cells from the pancreas.
35
What type of cell is depicted below and what process is occurring
Secretory cells of the Pancreas Exocytosis: A cytoplasmic vesicle (secretory vesicle or granule) fuses with the plasma membrane to release its contents to the extracellular space
36
What is depicted in the image
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an anastomosing network of intercommunicating channels or cisternae formed by a continuous membrane * Some regions bear many ribosomes that form larger complexes (polyribosomes or polysomes) appearing rough (RER) and other regions appearing smooth (SER). * Site for protein and lipid biosynthesis
37
What is depicted in the image
Electron micrograph RER in a cell specialized for protein synthesis and secretion.
38
What is depicted in the image
Higher magnification of RER
39
What is depicted in the image
RER is strongly stained purple in the cytoplasm of a nerve cell
40
What is depicted in the image
Electron micrograph of a nerve cell body showing the RER and free ribosomes
41
What is depicted in the image
Cytoplasmic basophilia in a developing red blood cell (RBC)
42
Cytoplasmic basophilia
It is observed in cells that produce large amounts of protein that will remain in the cell • Basophilia is caused by the presence of large amounts of RNA present in the polysomes
43
Nissl bodies
- The large basophilic bodies of nerve cells - Consist of both rER and large numbers of free ribosomes
44
What is depicted in the image
Electron micrograph of the SER in an interstitial (Leydig) cell of the testis
45
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(SER)
* Synthesis of phospholipids and steroids that form cell membranes * Prominent in steroid hormone-secreting cells (e.g. adrenal cortex) * Detoxification of lipidsoluble drugs and alcohol (e.g. prominent in hepatocytes) •Glycogen metabolism in hepatocytes * Ca2+ storage and controlled release (e.g. in the striated muscle cell)
46
What is depicted in the image below
Electron micrograph shows the extensive Golgi apparatus in an islet cell of the pancreas CGN: cis Golgi TGN: trans Golgi
47
What is depicted in the image
“Negative” Golgi apparatus
48
What is depicted int he image, what are the arrows pointing to ?
Electron micrograph shows the electron dense lysosomes (L) in a macrophage. Arrow points to the less electron-dense secondary lysosome
49
Lysosomes
- Major digestive compartment - Autophagy - Vesicles with the extracellular material taken by endocytosis fuses with a lysosome to make the secondary or heterolysosome
50
What is depicted in this image
H&E staining of cells with mitochondria shown in the cytoplasm as numerous eosinophilic structures (arrows)
51
What is depicted in the image
Mitochondria
52
What is depicted in the image
Peroxisomes
53
What is the arrow pointing to
Nucleus! | (Liver cells have large central nuclei)
54
Be able to label this pic
55
Identify the Heterochromatin and Euchromatin
Electron micrograph of a nucleus H: Heterochromatin, E: Euchromatin
56
Euchomatin:
– More open structure, rich with transcriptionally active genes – Predominates in active cells (e.g. neurons)
57
Heterochromatin:
-More compact, with little or no transcriptional activity – Predominates in less active cells (e.g. circulating lymphocytes)
58
What is depicted in the image as well as what does NP stand for
Nuclear Envelope NP: nuclear pore​
59
What phase of mitosis is depicted
Interphase
60
What phase of mitosis is depicted
Early prophase
61
What phase of mitosis is depicted
Late Prophase
62
What phase of mitosis is depicted
Metaphase
63
What phase of mitosis is depicted
Early and Late anaphase
64
What phase of mitosis is depicted
Early and late telophase and Cytokinesis
65
What is depicted in the image
Electron micrograph of a fibroblast cytoplasm MT, microtubules MF, actin filaments
66
Microtubules
* Maintain cell shape and rigidity * Organize and move organelles * Support cilia and flagella * Participate in vesicular transport * Separate chromosomes during the process of cell division
67
68
What is depicted in the image
Electron micrograph of a microtubules in the mitotic spindle in a dividing cell
69
Identify structures in the imagine
70
What is depicted in the image below
Electron micrograph of lipid droplets (L) in adrenal cortex cells
71
What is depicted in the image below
Electron micrograph of glycogen granules in cells with high metabolic activity
72
What is depicted in this image
Pigment deposits in liver cells
73

IBSS mod 3 (10 decks)

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