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IBSS mod 3 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Resolution

A

the smallest distance at which two points can be distinguished from each other.

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2
Q

Resolution of the - Human eye - Bright-Field Microscope - TEM

A

-Human eye: 0.2 mm • Bright-field microscope: 0.2 µm • TEM: 2-3 nm

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3
Q

TEM allows to examine internal cellular structure

A

Electron-dense Electron-lucent

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4
Q

what region is shown by the colored dots?

A

TEM terms: Electron-dense (red), Electron-lucent (purple)

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5
Q

What is indicated by the blue arrow

A

BASIC stains, e.g. hematoxylin (blue), interact with acidic cellular components (basophilic, e.g. nucleic acids)

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6
Q

What is indicated by the red arrow

A

ACIDIC stains, e.g. eosin (pink), interact with basic cellular components (acidophilic, e.g. cytoplasm)

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7
Q

Name the steps in the preparation of tissue

A
  • Fixation chemical physical
  • Dehydration water→ethanol →xylene
  • Embedding paraffin
  • Sectioning ​
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8
Q

This picture is an example of what type of staining

A

Acidic components:

  • Stain with basic dyes (e.g. hematoxylin)
  • They are “basophilic” (typically blue)
  • Examples: Nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) Dye+Nucleic acid
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9
Q

This picture is an example of what type of staining

A

Basic components:

  • Stain with acidic dyes (e.g. eosin)
  • They are “acidophilic” (typically pink/red)
  • Examples: Cytoplasm Collagen fibers Examples of cell/tissue staining Collagen+Dye
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10
Q

What is this and what cell components does it stain

A

Hematoxylin

Stains basophilic cell components

Negatively charged anionic tissue - RNA+DNA (Acidic)

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11
Q

What is this and what cell components does it stain

A

Eosin

Stains acidophilic cell components - positively charged

Basic strcutures - like cytoplasm and collagen fibers

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12
Q

What stains are included in this pic

A

Hematoxylin and Eosin

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13
Q

What is this stain and what is it used for

A

Orcein – elastic fibers

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14
Q

What is this stain and what is it used for

A

Sudan black, osmium tetroxide - lipids

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15
Q

What is this stain and what is it used for

A

Silver stainreticular fibers

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16
Q

Name this stain and what its used for

A

PAS (Periodic Acid – Schiff) – carbohydrates

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17
Q

Name this stain and what its used for

A

Immunocytochemistry – specific Antibody-based interactions

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18
Q

Name the stain and what its used for

A

Trichrome stains – collagen fibers (blue or green)

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19
Q

Freeze fracture & freeze etch is used for what

A

SEM & TEM

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20
Q

What does this picture represent and what is its stain

A

Mucus, PAS stain

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21
Q

What does this picture represent and what is its stain

A

Lipids

Sudan black

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22
Q

What is represented in this picture

A

Red blood cell (RBC or erythrocyte) can be used as a “biological yardstick”. RBC’s diameter is 7-8 µm.

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23
Q

What is represented in this picture

A

Artificial spaces between the cells (tissue shrinkage).

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24
Q

What is represented in this picture

A

“Empty cells” due to the loss of substances.

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25
Q

What is represented in this picture

A

Wrinkles in the sectioned tissue

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26
Q

What type of tissue is this and in what part of the body is it located

A

Epithelial cells in the kidney

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27
Q

What type of tissue is this and in what part of the body is it located

A

Dorsal root ganglion cells

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28
Q

What type of tissue is this and in what part of the body is it located

A

Smooth muscle cells of the small intestine

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29
Q

What structures are represented in this picture

A

Electron micrograph of a plasma membrane (plasmalemma) that surrounds the cell

It contains phospholipids, cholesterol and proteins

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30
Q

What process is represented in the picture

A

Ingestion of large particles results in the formation of an intracellular vacuole (phagosome)

31
Q

What process is occurring in picture

A

Pinocytosis

32
Q

Label the letters depicted in the image

A

Ps: phagosomes

B: Bacteria

rER: rough endoplasmic reticulum

M: Mitochondria

NE: Nuclear envelope

L: Lysosome

33
Q

Label the letters depicted in the image and identify what process is occurring

A

SG: Secretory granules

rER: rough endoplasmic reticulum

M: Mitochondria

N: Nucleous

Nu: Nucleolus

L: Glandular lumen

EXOCYTOSIS

34
Q

Identify what type of cell is shown and from what organ

A

EM illustrates typical protein-secreting cells from the pancreas.

35
Q

What type of cell is depicted below and what process is occurring

A

Secretory cells of the Pancreas

Exocytosis: A cytoplasmic vesicle (secretory vesicle or granule) fuses with the plasma membrane to release its contents to the extracellular space

36
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an anastomosing network of intercommunicating channels or cisternae formed by a continuous membrane

  • Some regions bear many ribosomes that form larger complexes (polyribosomes or polysomes) appearing rough (RER) and other regions appearing smooth (SER).
  • Site for protein and lipid biosynthesis
37
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Electron micrograph RER in a cell specialized for protein synthesis and secretion.

38
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Higher magnification of RER

39
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

RER is strongly stained purple in the cytoplasm of a nerve cell

40
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Electron micrograph of a nerve cell body showing the RER and free ribosomes

41
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Cytoplasmic basophilia in a developing red blood cell (RBC)

42
Q

Cytoplasmic basophilia

A

It is observed in cells that produce large amounts of protein that will remain in the cell • Basophilia is caused by the presence of large amounts of RNA present in the polysomes

43
Q

Nissl bodies

A
  • The large basophilic bodies of nerve cells
  • Consist of both rER and large numbers of free ribosomes
44
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Electron micrograph of the SER in an interstitial (Leydig) cell of the testis

45
Q

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum(SER)

A
  • Synthesis of phospholipids and steroids that form cell membranes
  • Prominent in steroid hormone-secreting cells (e.g. adrenal cortex)
  • Detoxification of lipidsoluble drugs and alcohol (e.g. prominent in hepatocytes) •Glycogen metabolism in hepatocytes
  • Ca2+ storage and controlled release (e.g. in the striated muscle cell)
46
Q

What is depicted in the image below

A

Electron micrograph shows the extensive Golgi apparatus in an islet cell of the pancreas

CGN: cis Golgi TGN: trans Golgi

47
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

“Negative” Golgi apparatus

48
Q

What is depicted int he image, what are the arrows pointing to ?

A

Electron micrograph shows the electron dense lysosomes (L) in a macrophage. Arrow points to the less electron-dense secondary lysosome

49
Q

Lysosomes

A
  • Major digestive compartment
  • Autophagy
  • Vesicles with the extracellular material taken by endocytosis fuses with a lysosome to make the secondary or heterolysosome
50
Q

What is depicted in this image

A

H&E staining of cells with mitochondria shown in the cytoplasm as numerous eosinophilic structures (arrows)

51
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Mitochondria

52
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Peroxisomes

53
Q

What is the arrow pointing to

A

Nucleus!

(Liver cells have large central nuclei)

54
Q

Be able to label this pic

55
Q

Identify the Heterochromatin and Euchromatin

A

Electron micrograph of a nucleus H: Heterochromatin, E: Euchromatin

56
Q

Euchomatin:

A

– More open structure, rich with transcriptionally active genes

– Predominates in active cells (e.g. neurons)

57
Q

Heterochromatin:

A

-More compact, with little or no transcriptional activity

– Predominates in less active cells (e.g. circulating lymphocytes)

58
Q

What is depicted in the image as well as what does NP stand for

A

Nuclear Envelope

NP: nuclear pore​

59
Q

What phase of mitosis is depicted

A

Interphase

60
Q

What phase of mitosis is depicted

A

Early prophase

61
Q

What phase of mitosis is depicted

A

Late Prophase

62
Q

What phase of mitosis is depicted

63
Q

What phase of mitosis is depicted

A

Early and Late anaphase

64
Q

What phase of mitosis is depicted

A

Early and late telophase and Cytokinesis

65
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Electron micrograph of a fibroblast cytoplasm

MT, microtubules

MF, actin filaments

66
Q

Microtubules

A
  • Maintain cell shape and rigidity
  • Organize and move organelles
  • Support cilia and flagella
  • Participate in vesicular transport
  • Separate chromosomes during the process of cell division
68
Q

What is depicted in the image

A

Electron micrograph of a microtubules in the mitotic spindle in a dividing cell

69
Q

Identify structures in the imagine

70
Q

What is depicted in the image below

A

Electron micrograph of lipid droplets (L) in adrenal cortex cells

71
Q

What is depicted in the image below

A

Electron micrograph of glycogen granules in cells with high metabolic activity

72
Q

What is depicted in this image

A

Pigment deposits in liver cells

IBSS mod 3 (10 decks)

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