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Z- Histology > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of Ectoderm?

A

Gives rise to the epithelia of the skin and its associated glands , and the oral, nasal and anal passages

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2
Q

What is the basal lamina ?

A

At epithelia basal surface, its a sheet like structure composed of extracellular matrix components called basal lamina

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3
Q

what is apocrine secretion?

A

Membrane bound vesicles (including secretory product ) are pinched off from the cell into ECS still surrounded by membrane

  • occurs at apex
  • product is lipid rich
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4
Q

What are the 3 main classes of filaments that form the cytoskeleton?

A
  • microfilaments (5nm in diameter)
  • intermediate filaments (10nm)(main structural component)
  • microtubules (25nm)
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5
Q

What common features do all epithelia cells have?

A
  • Basal lamina
  • All are non-vascular nutrients from capillaries in underlying tissue must diffuse across the basal lamina
  • usually polarised -apical and basal ends differ
  • tend to bind together in sheets
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6
Q

What are the functions of epithelia?

A
  • mechanical barrier
  • chemical barrier
  • Absorption
  • Secretion
  • Containment
  • Locomotion
  • Minor functions i.e sensation, contractility
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7
Q

Where is the product secreted in exocrine glands?

A

-Product secreted towards the apical end of the cell either into the lumen of an internal space, into a duct, or onto the body surface. Termed “ducted” glands

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8
Q

Give examples of endocrine glands?

A
  • Pituitary
  • Thyroid
  • Thymus
  • Pancreas
  • Adrenal glands
  • ovaries/ testes
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9
Q

Name and describe the 3 types of secretory product?

A
  • mucous gland - secretes mucus
  • serous gland- secretes a fluid
  • mixed gland - produces both mucus and watery secretions
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10
Q

What 4 things are covering epithelia based on?

A

1) cell shape
2) number of layers
3) cell surface , or tissues surface , specialisations
4) The presence of any specialised cell types

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11
Q

Exocrine glands are classified on the basis of what 5 things?

A

1) Mechanism of release of secretory product
2) Type of secretory product
3) Number of secretory product
4) Duct morphology
5) Arrangment of secretory cells

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12
Q

Give examples of exocrine glands.

A
  • Lacriminal glands
  • Salivary
  • Mammary
  • Liver
  • Pancreas
  • Brunner’s
  • Sweat
  • Sebaeous
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13
Q

Name 3 types of secretory cells

A
  1. Tubular
  2. Acinar
  3. Tubulocinar –> secretory tubules , or tubules ending in acini
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14
Q

What are desmosomes and what do they do?

A
  • Link submemnrane intermediate filaments of adjacent cells (macula adherent)
  • Provide mechanical stability to the skin
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15
Q

What is epithelia composed of?

A

Closely aggregated polyhedral epithelial cells with a minimum of intercellular substance (little space between cells)

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16
Q

What 3 types of cell shapes are there?

A
  • Squamous(flat)
  • Cuboidal (cube)
  • Columnar (column)
17
Q

What is tonicity and what 3 types are there?

A

The effect a solution has on cell volume

1) Isotonic - no change
2) Hypotonic- water diffuses into cells and it swells
3) Hypertonic - water diffuses out of the cell and it shrinks

18
Q

What are the 3 types of cell/tissue surface?

A
  • prominent microvilli (“brush border”)
  • cilia
  • Keratinized (presence of layers of keratin proteins on the tissue surface)
19
Q

What 3 embryological germ layers are there that give rise to epithelial cells?

A

1) Ectoderm
2) Mesoderm
3) Endoderm

20
Q

What is holocrine secretion?

A
  • occurs when whole secretory cells are from epithelium and disintegrate , discharging their contents
  • product is lipid rich
21
Q

What is the definition of mesoderm?

A

Gives rise to the epithelial linings of cardiovascular system ( termed endothelium) and to the mesothelium lining the peritoneal , pleural and pericardial cavities

22
Q

Name 3 types of layers of epithelia?

A
  • ‘Simple’- one layer
  • ‘stratified’ - two or more layers
  • ‘Pseudostratified’ - looks like multiple layers but intact all in contact with the basal lamina
23
Q

What is the product secreted in endocrine glands?

A

Product secreted toward the basal end of the cell (end sitting on the basal lamina), then distributed by the vascular system throughout the body. Termed “ductless” glands

24
Q

What is memocrine secretion?

A

-occurs by exocytosis at apex of the cell

25
Q

What is the definition of endoderm?

A

Gives rise to the epithelia of the gut, respiratory tract , liver and epithelial glands associated with the gut, such as the pancreas

Z- Histology (8 decks)

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