Histology Flashcards
The four basic types of animal tissues include
Epithelial Tissues
cover, line, and/or secrete
The four basic types of animal tissues include
Connective Tissues
bind, support, protect, store, transport, etc
The four basic types of animal tissues include
Muscular Tissues
function for contraction
The four basic types of animal tissues include
Nervous Tissues
– internal communication via conduction & transmission of nerve impulses
All epithelial tissues have what kind of surfaces?
They are classified by what two things
basal surface (with basement membrane) and a free surface (apical surface). (1) number of cell layers and (2) shape of cell (at least, the shape of outermost layer of cells).
Simple squamous epithelium
components
function
location
Components: Single layer of flat cells, flattened, central nuclei
Function: provides a barrier through which gases and fluids can be exchanged, produces serous fluid
Location: Air sac of lungs inner lining of ventral body cavities and blood vessels, certain parts of the kidney
simple cuboidal epithelium
components
function
location
components: single layer of cube-shaped cells, round central nuclei
function: absorption, secretion of mucus and other substances
Location: kidney tubules, lower resp passages, thyroid salivary and mammary glands
Simple columnar
components
function
location
components: singl layer of rectangular cells, ovoid, basal nuclei,
Function: absorption, secretion of mucous and other substances, propulsion of egg through uterine tube, Location: Digestive tract from stomach to anus, uterine tube, gallbladder, certain kidney tubules
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
components
function
location
components: single layer of columnar cells of different heights giving stratified appearance
Function: secreted mucous and propels it with ciliary motion
Location:nasal cavity, parts of male utethra, upper resp assages
Stratified squamous epithelium consists of
ketatinized epitheium, nonkeratinized epithelium
ketatinized epitheium
components
function
location
components: multiple layers of squamous cells, apical cells dead, flaky and filled with keratin, cuboidal to squamous shaped basal cells,
Function: protection from mechanical stresses and microorganisms, prevents most water loss through skin,
Location: epidermis
nonkeratinized epithelium
components
function
location
Componets: apical cells living and very flat, cells more cuboidal toward basal layers
Function: Protection from mechanical stresses and microorganisms
Location: mouth, pharynx, superior larynx, esophagus, vagina, anal canal
Stratified cuboidal Epithelium
components
function
location
components :two or more layers of cuboidal cells
Function: some absorption and secretion
Location, ducts of sweat glands
stratified columnar epithelium
components
function
location
components: two or more layers of columnar cells
Function: protection,some absorption and secretion
Location: ducts of certain glands, cornea, parts of male urethra
transitional epithelium
components
function
location
Components: multiple layers of cells, apical cells dome-shaped when relaxed and flattened when stretche
function: protection, gives tissues added distensibility
Location: urinary bladder urter urethra
Connective tissues
components
function
location
generally have an abundant amount of matrix called the extra-cellular matrix (ECM)
ECM is a non-cellular material that occupies the space between the cells
The nature and consistency of the matrix varies among connective tissues and is used to classify each connective tissue.
Loose CT
components
function
location
components: fibroblast, ground substance, protein fibers
Function: Support, protection, houses blood vessels supplying epithelium
Location: Deep to epidermis, walls of hollow organs, membranes lining body cavities
Dense CT consists of
Irregular, regular collagenous, regular elastic
Irregular, regular ct
components
function
location
components: fibroblast, collagen fibers, ground substance
Function strength, resistance to stress in all three planes
Location: Deepest layer of skin, around joins, organs
regular collagenous ct
components
function
location
components: fibroblast, collagen fibers, ground substance
Function: strength, resistance to stress in one plane
Location tendons, ligaments
regular elastic ct
components
function
location
components: elastic fibers, ground substance
Function: allows tissue to stretch ad recoil
Location: large blood vessels, certain ligaments
Reticular CT
components
function
location
Components: reticular fiber, leukocyte
Function: forms internal structure of many organs, supports smaller vessels and nerves
Location: lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, liver, basement membrane, around vessels and nerves
Adipose CT
components
function
location
components: adipocyte, protein fibers
Function: Warmth, insulation, shock absorption and protection, major energy reserve in the body
Location: Deep to the skin in characteristic area, surrounds the heart and abdominal organs
Cartilage consists of
Hyaline, fibrocartilage, elastic
Hyaline cartilage
components
function
location
components: chondrocyte, ECM
Function: support, protection, resists compression
Location: Between bones in joints, between sternum and ribs, nose, respt tract
fibrocartilage
components
function
location
components: chondrocyte, collagen fibers, ECM
Function: support, protection, resists compression
Location: intervertebral Discs
elastic cartilage
components
function
location
components: Chondrocyte, elastic fibers, ECM
Function: Involved in producing and detecting sound
Location: Ears, Epiglottis of larynx
bone
components
function
location
components: Osteoclast, osteoblasts, osteocyte, ECM
Function: support, protection, provides leverage for movement, stores calcium
Location: bones
blood
components
function
location
components: Plasma, Erthrocyte, leukocyte
Function: Transports nutrients, gases, waste, immune cells
Location: within blood vessels and chamber of the heart
Cartilage:
components
function
location
Matrix is firm, but flexible (semi-rigid); gel-like matrix with a fibrous component
Functions for support and is highly resilient to compression forces
What is the basic tissue type?
Muscle
What is the specific tissue type?
Cardiac muscle
List the four basic (general) types of tissue.
epithelial, connective, nervous, muscular
the type(s) of muscle that are striated in appearance
skeletal and cardiac muscle
the type(s) of muscle that are under voluntary control.
skeletal muscle
the type(s) of muscle that contains intercalated discs.
cardiac muscle
the type(s) of muscle that has short branching cells
cardiac muscle
the type(s) of muscle that has elongated tapered cells.
smooth muscle
the type(s) of muscle that is under involuntary control
smooth and cardiac muscle
the type(s) of muscle that attaches to bones
skeletal muscle
the type(s) of muscle that is found in the walls of hollow organs
smooth muscle
What is the primary cell type found in ligaments?
fibroblast
What tissue is the outermost, dense covering around bone?
periosteum
best describes a small hole going through a bone?
foramen
On what bone is the coronoid process found?
mandible
Which bone feature is only found on cervical vertebrae?
transverse foramen
Another term for the ankle is the
tarsal region
Which tissue type is responsible for absorption and secretion of substances?
epithelial
Which tissue is best suited for transport of gases between the blood and the body’s tissues?
simple squamous epithelium
