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Renal > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

what 2 hormones does the kidney produce?

A

renin

erythropoietin

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2
Q

what is the function of renin?

A

acts to increase blood pressure through RAS system

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3
Q

what is the function of erythropoietin?

A

increases rate of RBC production

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4
Q

what is the name of the spaces between the minor calyces?

A

renal sinuses

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5
Q

what is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

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6
Q

what are the 2 main parts of the nephron?

A

renal corpuscle

renal tubules

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7
Q

what are the 2 main parts of the renal corpuscle?

A

glomerulus

bowmans capsule

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8
Q

what type of epithelium is Bowman’s capsule made from?

A

simple squamous epithelium

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9
Q

what supplies the glomerulus with blood?

A

afferent arteriole

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10
Q

what drains the glomerulus?

A

efferent arteriole

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11
Q

what are the 2 cell layers between the blood and the glomerular filtate?

A

capillary endothelium

podocytes

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12
Q

what thick layer is between the capillary endothelium of the glomerulur and the podocytes?

A

thick basal lamina

including basement membrane

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13
Q

what is the function of the scattered mesangial cells around the podocytes?

A

produce a connective tissue core called mesangium
act as support cells
help control flow of blood
remove debris

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14
Q

what type of epithleium is the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron made of?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

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15
Q

compare the apical surface of the epithelium of the proximal convoluted tubule to thee distal convoluted tubule?

A

PCT has a very susbstantial brush border with microvilli

DCT only has a few microvilli

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16
Q

the proximal convoluted tubules are characteristially ‘hairy’ in appearance, what causes this?

A

the substantial brush border

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17
Q

what are the 3 distinct limbs of the loop of henle?

A

thin descending limb
thin ascending limb
thick ascending limb

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18
Q

which part of the kidney is the renal corpuscle within?

A

the cortex

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19
Q

which part of the kidney is the proximal convoluted tubule within?

A

the cortex

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20
Q

which part of the kidney is the loop of Henle within?

A

the medulla

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21
Q

what cells line the thin ascending loop of Henle?

A

simple squamous epithelium

22
Q

what cells line the thin descending loop of Henle?

A

simple squamous epithelium

23
Q

what cells line the thick ascending loop of Henle?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

24
Q

what is the name of the blood vessels which dip down from the cortex into the medulla, do a loop and then climb back up to the cortex?

A

vasa recta

25
Q

describe the blood flow in vasa recta?

A

sluggish blood flow

26
Q

what part of the kidney are the distal convoluted tubules found in?

A

the cortex

27
Q

what cells line the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron?

A

simple cuboidal epithelium

28
Q

what are medullary rays?

A

parallel segments of collecting ducts and tubules orientated down towards the medulla

29
Q

what part of the kidney are the medullary rays found?

A

the cortex

30
Q

which part of the nephron is responsive to ADH?

A

collecting ducts

31
Q

what cells line the collecting ducts?

A

simple columnar epithelium

32
Q

what are the collecting ducts sometimes referred to as?

A

ducts of Bellini

33
Q

what is the nae of the specialised region formed where the distal convoluted tubule crosses the renal corpuscle?

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

34
Q

what are the 3 components of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

macula dense
juxtaglomerular cells
extraglomerular mesangial cells

35
Q

what is the name of the extraglomerular mesangial cells which are part of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

lacis cells

36
Q

where are the macula densa cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus found?

A

line the specialised area of distal convoluted tubule

37
Q

what is the function of the macula dense cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

sense ion concentrations

38
Q

where are the juxtaglomerular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus found?

A

in the wall of the afferent arteriole

39
Q

what type of cells are the juxtaglomerular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

modified smooth muscle cells

40
Q

what is the function of the juxtaglomerular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

A

secrete renin

41
Q

what is almost all of the conducting parts of the urinary tract lined with?

A

transitional epithelium/ urothelium

42
Q

is transitional epithelium/urothelium which lines the urinary tract simple, stratified or pseudostratified?

A

stratified

43
Q

what are the names of the cells are the luminal surface of the conducting parts of the urinary tract?

A

umbrella cells

44
Q

what are umbrella cells?

A

domed shaped cells which have a thickened impermeable membrane

line most of the conducting parts of the urinary tract

45
Q

why might the transitional epithelium /urothelium of the conducting parts of the urinary tract vary in cell thickness?

A

due to different states of distension

46
Q

as you go more distal down the ureter, what happens to the thickeness of the surrounding smooth muscle?

A

increases

47
Q

in a female, what lines the urethra?

A

initially transitional epithelium/ urothelium

then changes to stratified squamous epithelium near its termination

48
Q

in a male, what lines the prostatic urethra?

A

transitional epithelium/urothelium

49
Q

in a male, what lines the membranous urethra?

A

stratified columnar epithelium

50
Q

in a male, what lines the penile urethra?

A

initially stratified columnar epithelium

then changes to stratified squamous epithelium near its termination

51
Q

what epithelium lines the prostate?

A

simple columnar secretory epithelium

Renal (6 decks)

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