Histology

Question 1

Name the layers of the Ovary from outer to inner

Answer 1

Outer Fibrous Cortex
Cortex
Medulla (containing connective tissue, vasculature, nerves and lymphatics)

Question 2

What epithelium lines the ovary

Answer 2

Simple cuboidal

Question 3

What is Oogenesis

Answer 3

development of oocyte from oogonia

Question 4

How do oogonia form

Answer 4

in embryonic development, germ cells from yolk sac invade ovary and proliferate via mitosis to form oogonia

Question 5

What is folliculogenesis

Answer 5

growth of follicle from oocyte and support cells

Question 6

How many follicles will develop per day in a 20 year old

Answer 6

15

Question 7

For follicle to form, what cells must oocyte associate with

Answer 7

Pre-granulosa cell

Question 8

Name layers of follicle from inner to outer and describe each

Answer 8

oocyte
zona pellucida
   - made from extracellular matrix
zona granulosa
   - cuboidal cells
theca interna 
   - made from inner stromal cells
   - secrete oestrogen precursor which is converted to oestrogen by granulosa cells
theca externa
   - fibroblast like

Question 9

what layer does the fluid filled follicle antrum form in

Answer 9

zona granulosa

Question 10

What is the largest follicle named

Answer 10

Graafian follicle

Question 11

After ovulation what does graafian follicle become

Answer 11

Corpus luteum

Question 12

Once corpus luteum has formed, what do theca and granulosa cells secrete

Answer 12

oestrogen and progesterone

Question 13

If fertilisation does not occur, what does corpus luteum become?

Answer 13

Corpus albicans

white connective tissue

Question 14

Name the sections of the fallopian tube starting with the fimbrae moving inward towards uterus

Answer 14

fimbrae
infundibulum
ampulla
isthmus

Question 15

Where does fertilisation normally occur

Answer 15

ampulla

Question 16

What epithelium is ampulla lined with

Answer 16

simple columnar with ciliated cells and secretory cells surrounded by smooth muscle

Question 17

What is the lining epithelium in isthmus

Answer 17

secretory epithelium surrounded by smooth muscle

Question 18

name layers of uterine wall going from inner to outer and describe each

Answer 18

endometrium
   - secretory mucosa containing glands
myometrium
   - 3 layers of smooth muscle
perimetrium
   - loose connective tissue

Question 19

Name layers of endometrium

Answer 19

stratum functionalis
stratum basalis (reserve tissue, regenerates stratum functionalis)

Question 20

Name the menstrual phases of endometrium and what days they occur

Answer 20

Menstrual days 1-5
Proliferative days 6-14
Luteal (secretory) days 14-28

Question 21

How is endometrium shed during menses

Answer 21

arterioles constrict cutting off blood supply to endometrium tissue, causing ischaemia and necrosis. Tissue is then shed with blood. Fibrinolysis stops scar tissue formation

Question 22

What kind of mucosa lines the cervix on vaginal side of transition zone and uterine side of transition zone

Answer 22

vaginal - stratified squamous

uterine - simple columnar (with endocervical glands)

Question 23

What is cervical mucous like before and after ovulation

Answer 23

before in proliferative phase, mucous is thin and watery

after ovulation it is thick

Question 24

What mucosa is vagina lined with

Answer 24

non-keratinised stratified squamous

Question 25

What are the layers of vagina going from inner to outer

Answer 25

non-keratinised stratified squamous
lamina propria
fibromuscular layer
adventitia