Histology

Question 1

Primary Tissue Classes (ECNM)

Answer 1

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

Question 2

Matrix (extracellular material)

Answer 2

extracellular material that surrounds the cell.

Question 3

Composition of matrix

Answer 3

Composed of fibrous proteins, a clear gel known as ground substance, tissue fluid, extracellular fluid, or interstitial fluid.

Question 4

Matrix composition in muscle and epithelium tissues

Answer 4

Matrix is scarcely visible due to cells being so close together.

Question 5

Matrix composition in connective tissues

Answer 5

Matrix occupies more space than the cells do.

Question 6

Tissues are composed of _______

Answer 6

Cells and Matrix

Question 7

Matrix composed of _____

Answer 7

Fibers and Ground Substance

Question 8

Primary germ layers

Answer 8

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

Question 9

Ectoderm

Answer 9

Outer layer that gives rise to the epidermis and nervous system

Question 10

Endoderm

Answer 10

Innermost layer, gives rise to the mucous membranes of the digestive and respiratory tracts and to the digestive glands.

Question 11

Mesoderm

Answer 11

Middle layer, a layer of loosely organized cells. Mesoderm usually turns into mesenchyme, gelatinous tissue.

Question 12

Mesenchyme

Answer 12

Gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood among other tissues.

Question 13

Epithelial Tissue

Answer 13

Sheet of closely adhering cells one or more cells thick.

Question 14

Function of Epithelial Tissue (FPEASS)

Answer 14

Filtration
Protection
Excretion
Absorption 
Sensation
Secretion

Question 15

Histology/ Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 15

Study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs.

Question 16

Most widespread epithelium tissue in the body

Answer 16

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 17

Where can stratified columnar epithelium cells be found

Answer 17

Pharynx, larynx, anal canal, and male urethra

Question 18

Two kinds of stratified squamous epithelia

Answer 18

Keratinized and nonkeratinized.

Question 19

Keratinized (cornified) epithelium

Answer 19

Found in epidermis. Covered with a layer of dead compressed cells.
(feet & hands)

Question 20

Nonkeratinized epithelium

Answer 20

Lacks the surface layer of dead cells, can be found on the tongue, esophagus, vagina. Abrasion resistant due to surface being moist and slippery.

Question 21

Transitional epithelium

Answer 21

Limited to urinary tract.

Question 22

Uroplakins

Answer 22

Protective property of transitional epithelium which causes cells to be impermeable to urine to protect the epithelium.

Question 23

Connective Tissue

Answer 23

Most abundant, widely distributed of the primary tissue.

Question 24

Along with connective tissues, what else is also included?

Answer 24

Fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, bone/cartilage, blood.

Question 25

Functions of connective tissue (HITSS BPM)

Answer 25

``` Binding of organs Support Physical protection Immune protection Movement Storage Heat production Transport ```

Question 26

A form of embryonic connective tissue

Answer 26

Mesenchyme

Question 27

Cells of Fibrous connective tissue

Answer 27

Fibroblasts, Macrophages, Leukocytes, Plasma cells, Mast Cells, Adipocytes.

Question 28

Fibroblasts

Answer 28

Cells which produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of the tissue.

Question 29

Macrophages

Answer 29

Large phagocytic cells which engulf and destroy bacteria and dead or dying cells of our own body.

Question 30

Two most common types of Leukocytes

Answer 30

Neutrophils, wander about attacking bacteria Lymphocytes, react against bacteria and toxins.

Question 31

Plasma Cells

Answer 31

Lymphocytes turn into plasma cells and activate the antibodies of our body.

Question 32

Mast Cells

Answer 32

Found along blood vessels and secrete heparin,inhibits blood clotting and histamine, increases blood flow by dilating blood vessels.

Question 33

Adipocytes

Answer 33

Fat cells.

Question 34

Fibers found in connective tissues

Answer 34

Collagenous fibers Reticular fibers Elastic fibers

Question 35

Body parts made mainly of collagen

Answer 35

Tendons, ligaments, and the dermis of the skin.

Question 36

Reticular fibers

Answer 36

Thin collagen fibers coated with glycoproteins. Form a spongelike framework. ( Spleen & Lymph Nodes)

Question 37

Elastic fibers

Answer 37

Thinner than Collagenous fibers. Made up of protein called elastin. (Skin, Lungs, & Arteries)

Question 38

The make up of ground substance

Answer 38

Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, & adhesive glycoproteins.

Question 39

Types of fibrous connective tissue

Answer 39

Loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.

Question 40

Loose connective tissues

Answer 40

Areolar and Reticular Tissue. | Occupied by ground substance

Question 41

Reticular tissue

Answer 41

Mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts. Forms the framework of lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow.

Question 42

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 42

Clear glassy appearance.

Question 43

Elastic cartilage

Answer 43

Contain elastic fibers.

Question 44

Fibrocartilage

Answer 44

Coarse readily visible bundles of collagen.

Question 45

Central (haversian or osteonic) canal

Answer 45

Run longitudinally thru the shafts of long bones such as the femur

Question 46

Canaliculi

Answer 46

Radiate from each lacuna to its neighbors and allow the osteocytes to contact each other

Question 47

Dendrites

Answer 47

Receive signals

Question 48

Axon

Answer 48

Send signals

Question 49

Neurosoma

Answer 49

Cell body. The cells center of genetic control and protein synthesis.

Question 50

Types of muscular tissues

Answer 50

Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth

Question 51

Tight Junction

Answer 51

Ensures nutrients passes through the epithelial cells not between.

Question 52

Desmosomes

Answer 52

Cannot prevent substances from passing around them but serve to keep cells from pulling apart and enable a tissue to resist mechanical stress