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Organization of the Body > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Primary Tissue Classes (ECNM)

A

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscular

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2
Q

Matrix (extracellular material)

A

extracellular material that surrounds the cell.

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3
Q

Composition of matrix

A

Composed of fibrous proteins, a clear gel known as ground substance, tissue fluid, extracellular fluid, or interstitial fluid.

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4
Q

Matrix composition in muscle and epithelium tissues

A

Matrix is scarcely visible due to cells being so close together.

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5
Q

Matrix composition in connective tissues

A

Matrix occupies more space than the cells do.

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6
Q

Tissues are composed of _______

A

Cells and Matrix

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7
Q

Matrix composed of _____

A

Fibers and Ground Substance

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8
Q

Primary germ layers

A

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, Endoderm

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9
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outer layer that gives rise to the epidermis and nervous system

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10
Q

Endoderm

A

Innermost layer, gives rise to the mucous membranes of the digestive and respiratory tracts and to the digestive glands.

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11
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle layer, a layer of loosely organized cells. Mesoderm usually turns into mesenchyme, gelatinous tissue.

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12
Q

Mesenchyme

A

Gives rise to muscle, bone, and blood among other tissues.

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13
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

Sheet of closely adhering cells one or more cells thick.

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14
Q

Function of Epithelial Tissue (FPEASS)

A 
Filtration
Protection
Excretion
Absorption 
Sensation
Secretion
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15
Q

Histology/ Microscopic Anatomy

A

Study of tissues and how they are arranged into organs.

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16
Q

Most widespread epithelium tissue in the body

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

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17
Q

Where can stratified columnar epithelium cells be found

A

Pharynx, larynx, anal canal, and male urethra

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18
Q

Two kinds of stratified squamous epithelia

A

Keratinized and nonkeratinized.

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19
Q

Keratinized (cornified) epithelium

A

Found in epidermis. Covered with a layer of dead compressed cells.
(feet & hands)

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20
Q

Nonkeratinized epithelium

A

Lacks the surface layer of dead cells, can be found on the tongue, esophagus, vagina. Abrasion resistant due to surface being moist and slippery.

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21
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Limited to urinary tract.

22
Q

Uroplakins

A

Protective property of transitional epithelium which causes cells to be impermeable to urine to protect the epithelium.

23
Q

Connective Tissue

A

Most abundant, widely distributed of the primary tissue.

24
Q

Along with connective tissues, what else is also included?

A

Fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, bone/cartilage, blood.

25
Q

Functions of connective tissue (HITSS BPM)

A 
Binding of organs
Support 
Physical protection
Immune protection
Movement
Storage
Heat production
Transport
26
Q

A form of embryonic connective tissue

A

Mesenchyme

27
Q

Cells of Fibrous connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts, Macrophages, Leukocytes, Plasma cells, Mast Cells, Adipocytes.

28
Q

Fibroblasts

A

Cells which produce the fibers and ground substance that form the matrix of the tissue.

29
Q

Macrophages

A

Large phagocytic cells which engulf and destroy bacteria and dead or dying cells of our own body.

30
Q

Two most common types of Leukocytes

A

Neutrophils, wander about attacking bacteria

Lymphocytes, react against bacteria and toxins.

31
Q

Plasma Cells

A

Lymphocytes turn into plasma cells and activate the antibodies of our body.

32
Q

Mast Cells

A

Found along blood vessels and secrete heparin,inhibits blood clotting and histamine, increases blood flow by dilating blood vessels.

33
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat cells.

34
Q

Fibers found in connective tissues

A

Collagenous fibers
Reticular fibers
Elastic fibers

35
Q

Body parts made mainly of collagen

A

Tendons, ligaments, and the dermis of the skin.

36
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Thin collagen fibers coated with glycoproteins. Form a spongelike framework. ( Spleen & Lymph Nodes)

37
Q

Elastic fibers

A

Thinner than Collagenous fibers. Made up of protein called elastin. (Skin, Lungs, & Arteries)

38
Q

The make up of ground substance

A

Glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, & adhesive glycoproteins.

39
Q

Types of fibrous connective tissue

A

Loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue.

40
Q

Loose connective tissues

A

Areolar and Reticular Tissue.

Occupied by ground substance

41
Q

Reticular tissue

A

Mesh of reticular fibers and fibroblasts. Forms the framework of lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and bone marrow.

42
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Clear glassy appearance.

43
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Contain elastic fibers.

44
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Coarse readily visible bundles of collagen.

45
Q

Central (haversian or osteonic) canal

A

Run longitudinally thru the shafts of long bones such as the femur

46
Q

Canaliculi

A

Radiate from each lacuna to its neighbors and allow the osteocytes to contact each other

47
Q

Dendrites

A

Receive signals

48
Q

Axon

A

Send signals

49
Q

Neurosoma

A

Cell body. The cells center of genetic control and protein synthesis.

50
Q

Types of muscular tissues

A

Skeletal, Cardiac, and Smooth

51
Q

Tight Junction

A

Ensures nutrients passes through the epithelial cells not between.

52
Q

Desmosomes

A

Cannot prevent substances from passing around them but serve to keep cells from pulling apart and enable a tissue to resist mechanical stress

Organization of the Body (2 decks)

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