histology

Question 1

which type of cell is contained within a hair bulb?

Answer 1

melanocytes. responsible for the colouring of hair.

Question 2

name the smooth muscle responsible for hair erection.

Answer 2

erector pili

Question 3

what are Merkel cells?

Answer 3

form synapses with afferent somatosensory neurone

Question 4

describe the histological structure of the islets of langerhans

Answer 4

pale staining cluster of cells with abnormal nuclei

Question 5

how are sensory nerve endings stained?

Answer 5

osmium tetroxide

Question 6

which type of mechanoreceptor is responsible for the sense of light touch?

Answer 6

meissner’s corpuscle

Question 7

which type of mechanoreceptor is responsible for the sense of vibration and pressure?

Answer 7

pacinian corpuscle

Question 8

describe the histological structure of the eyelid, including glands and epithelium.

Answer 8

unique covering, lined by conjunctiva = stratified columnar cells with two layers. conjunctiva covers the sclera. Meibomian glands are the larges gland responsible for the lubrication of the inside of the eyelid, mainly a lipid secretion. sweat glands secrete onto the outer surface of the eyelid.

Question 9

describe the histological structure of the pineal gland. what does it produce?

Answer 9

backward projection of the 3rd ventricle (near the anterior commissure). clumps of pinealocytes lined by glial cells. produces melatonin, which adjusts the eyes to light changes, the daily anticipation of the onset of darkness.

Question 10

describe the histological structure of the nipple

Answer 10

nipple contains 12-20 lactiferous ducts. surrounding the nipple is the areola, which contains Montgomery’s glands which are sebaceous. the lactiferous glands have a simple cuboidal epithelium with circular nuclei

Question 11

what are the glands of moll and zies?

Answer 11

zies - oily secretions that bathe the eyelash. moll - sweat glands at the base of the eyelash

Question 12

from where is the placenta derived?

Answer 12

trophoblast

Question 13

what is the dominant hormone stimulative the proliferative phase?

Answer 13

oestrogen from the developing follicle in the ovaries

Question 14

what is the dominant hormone stimulative the secretory phase?

Answer 14

progesterone from the corpus luteum

Question 15

highlight the histological phases of the secretory phase.

Answer 15

early - coiling of glands and vacuoles in the base of epithelium of glands. mid - tortuous glands and secretions. late - prominent spiral arteries with cuffs of decimalised stroma.

Question 16

what does dystrophin do?

Answer 16

binds actin to plasmalemma

Question 17

what is a syncytium?

Answer 17

cells that fuse together

Question 18

what are the sebaceous glands of the lip?

Answer 18

Fordyce’s glands

Question 19

give the percentages of a/b/d cells in the pancreas. what is the total percentage mass of the pancreas that the islets of langerhans make up?

Answer 19

70% b, 20% a, 8% d, 2% pancreatic polypeptide secreting cells. 4% of total mass.

Question 20

which glands are situated below the olfactory epithelium and what do they secrete?

Answer 20

Bowman’s glands, serous fluid

Question 21

give an example of a sustenacular cell

Answer 21

sertoli cell that nurtures the sperm in the testes