Histology Flashcards
Accessory Glands
Salivary glands
Liver
Gallbladder
Digestive Trunk
Oral cavity Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus
Foregut
From the pharynx to the duodenum
Pain is felt in the epigastric
Midgut
Pain is felt in the periumbilical area
Hindgut
Pain is felt in the hypogastric area
Oral Cavity
Mucosa: nonkeratinized stratified squaamous epithelium
Submucosa
Muscularis externa: muscle of the cheek
Adventitia: loose CT superficial to the muscle
Tongue
Sulcus terminalis: V-shaped groove separating anterior and posterior portions
Angle found in sulcus terminalis:
Lingual Papillae
Filiform
Fungiform: contain taste buds
Circumvallate
Taste buds
3 types of cells under LM
1 Sustentacular
2 Basal
3
5 types of taste buds under EM (hw)
Pharynx
Mucosa: stratified, nonkeratinized and keratinized
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Adventitia
Esophagus
Mucosa: stratified squamous, thinly keratinized, abruptly ends at GEJ (gastro-esophageal junction/stomach: simple columnar Muscularis mucosa: Smooth muscles Submucosa: forms transient folds Muscularis: oblique fibers Serosa
Stomach
Mucosa: rugae
Submucosa: blood vessels, lymphatics, lamina propria, Meissner’s plexus
Muscularis externa
Serosa
Gastric mucosal barrier
-prevents it from being digested by 1-2 pH
3 components:
1 epithelium
2 mucosal layer
3 bicarbonate ions
Responsible for basophilia
Ribosomes (synthesize proteins)
Parietal (oxyntic) cells
Most conspicuous
Produce HCl and gastric intrinsic factor (necessary for absorption of Vit B12 - pernicious anemia)
Gastrin
Responsible for the secretion of HCl
Small intestine
-Main functions is absorption
- Increase the surface area by having
1Plicae circularis (valves of Kerckring/intestinal folds)
2Crypts of Lieberkuhn (found in the lamina propria)
3Microvilli (30 fold amplification)
M cells: microfold, specialized epithelial cells overlying lymphoid follicles
Peyer’s patches: cause perforations of the ileum
Histology lab tip:
If you find a Brunner’s gland
In the duodenum segment
What are absorbed in the large intestine?
1 Vit K
2 Vit B12
Rectum
Nawawala na ang taenia coli so no haustra
Anus
Abrupt transition from columnar to stratified squamous epithelium
Salivary Glands
Parotid - Stensen’s duct - 2nd upper molar
Submandibular - Mixed serous and mucous, predominantly serous, Gianucchi, Wharton’s duct
Sublingual - Floor of the mouth near lingual frenulum, predominantly mucous, duct of Rivinus
Liver
Largest gland Produces thrombopoietin, erythropoietin Both exocrine and endocrine Glisson's capsule Has dual blood supply: portal vein and hepatic artery
Phagocytic cells in the liver
Von Kupffer cells
- macrophage
- come from monocytes
- use special staining to see
Portal Triad
Portal vein
Hepatic artery
Bile duct
Classic anatomic lobule
Zone 1
Zone 3
Bangungot
Acute hemorrhagic pancreatitis
Lab tip:
Memorize the Islet of Langerhans to differentiate Parotid from Pancreas
Take note:
Pancreas has no striated duct