Histology

Question 0

What is the function of the conducting portion of the respiratory tract?

Answer 0

To humidify, cleanse and adjust the temperature of inspired air

Question 1

What is in the conducting portion of the respiratory tract?

Answer 1

Nasal cavity
Larynx
Trachea
Intrapulmonary region

Question 2

How is the temperature of inspired air changed?

Answer 2

By the rich vascular supply in the nasal cavity

Question 3

What is found in the lamina propria of the nasal cavity?

Answer 3

Bowman’s glands

Venous sinuses

Question 4

Describe the histology of the olfactory region of the nasal cavity

Answer 4

Thick epithelium
No goblet cells
Olfactory cells

Question 5

Describe the structure of olfactory cells

Answer 5

Bipolar neurones
One dendrite extends to the surface to form a swelling
Non-motile cilia extend parallel with the surface to increase the surface area

Question 6

Function of the larynx?

Answer 6

Phonation

Prevent substances gaining access to its lumen

Question 7

What are the three parts of the lumen of the larynx?

Answer 7

Vestibule
Ventricle
Infraglottic cavity

Question 8

What epithelium are the vocal cords lined with?

Answer 8

Stratified squamous

Question 9

What does each vocal cord have?

Answer 9

Vocalis muscle

Vocal ligament

Question 10

What is the trachea supported by?

Answer 10

15-20 C-rings of hyaline cartilage

Question 11

What are the three layers of the wall of the trachea?

Answer 11

Mucosa
Submucosa
Adventitia

Question 12

What are the secondary bronchi supported by?

Answer 12

Crescent shaped hyaline cartilage

Question 13

What is contained in the intrapulmonary region?

Answer 13

Secondary bronchi

Bronchioles

Question 14

What changes as you go from larger bronchioles to smaller bronchioles?

Answer 14

Goblet cells replaced by Clara cells

Question 15

What do Clara cells secrete? Purpose?

Answer 15

Surfactant lipoprotein

Prevents walls sticking together during expiration

Question 16

What is in-between the gaps of hyaline cartilage in the trachea?

Answer 16

Trachealis muscle which is a bundle of smooth muscle and fibroelastic tissue

Question 17

What are the respiratory muscosa and submucosa adapted to do?

Answer 17

Warm and moisten the air

Trap particles in the mucus

Question 18

What is contained in the lamina propria of the trachea? Function?

Answer 18

Elastin

Helps in elastic recoil during inspiration and expiration

Question 19

What is contained in the submucosa? Function?

Answer 19

Serosa-mucous glands

Humidify the air

Question 20

Diameter of bronchioles?

Answer 20

1mm or less

Question 21

What are the final branches of the bronchioles called?

Answer 21

Terminal bronchioles

Question 22

What causes the smooth muscle to contract in the terminal bronchioles?

Answer 22

Parasympathetic stimulation of the vagus nerve

Question 23

What is in the respiratory portion of the lungs?

Answer 23

Respiratory bronchioles - alveolar ducts - alveolar sacs - alveoli

Question 24

Epithelium of alveoli?

Answer 24

Type I pneumocytes - squamous cells - permit gas exchange

Type II pneumocytes - produce surfactant

Question 25

What are alveolar walls supported by?

Answer 25

Elastic and reticular fibres

Question 26

What do alveolar ducts connect?

Answer 26

Respiratory bronchioles to alveolar sacs

Each sac contains a collection of alveoli