Histology

Question 1

What are the steps (intermediates) in maturation of the RBC?

Answer 1

Proerythroblast –> Basophilic Erythroblast –> Polychromatic erythroblast –> Normoblast –> Reticulocyte (goes out to peripheral blood) –> mature RBC

Question 2

What causes the blue colour in the early development of the RBC?

Answer 2

polyribosomes and RNA

Question 3

What causes the more red colour later in the development of the RBC?

Answer 3

hemoglobin and proteins

Question 4

What happens to the nucleus of the normoblast after it is extruded?

Answer 4

Gets phagocytosed by macrophages

Question 5

What is left in the cell to differentiate it from a mature RBC after the nucleus is extruded from the normoblast?

Answer 5

polyribosomes in the cytoplasm

Question 6

What are the first granules to develop in WBCs?

- what do they contain?

Answer 6

Azurophilic (non-specific)

- contain lysosomes

Question 7

What are the second granules to form in WBCs?

- what do they contain?

Answer 7

Specific granules - (different in each of the different cell types)
- contain protein

Question 8

What is the order of cell intermediates in the development of granulocytes?
- at which point are signs of differentiation into a specific granulocyte present?

Answer 8

Myeloblast –> Promyelocyte –> Myelocyte –> Metamyelocyte

The Myelocyte is the first step which shows signs of differentiation

Question 9

What granules are contained in the cytoplasm of myelocytes?

Answer 9

both azurophilic and specific granules

Question 10

What granules are contained in the myeloblast?

Answer 10

only azurophilic (there is no specification for differentiation yet)

Question 11

What is the main differentiating feature of a metamyelocyte compared to a myelocyte?

Answer 11

Metamyelocytes have an indented nucleus (beginning to form the multi-lobed nucleus seen in mature granulocytes)

Question 12

What are contained in the granules of mature monocytes?

Answer 12

Lysosomal enzymes

Question 13

What histological features help to identify a monocyte?

Answer 13

• Granules in cytoplasm (although this cannot always be noticed)
• eccentrically located nucleus
• indentation in nucleus (similar to metamyelocyte - except that metamyelocytes are found in bone marrow smear whereas monocytes are found in peripheral blood smear)

Question 14

What histological features help to identify a lymphocyte?

Answer 14

• large nucleus
• thin pale-staining rim of cytoplasm
  (size of the cells will vary depending on activity of cell)

Question 15

List the order for differential WBC count (starting with the most common WBC)

Answer 15

Neutrophils
Lymphocytes
Monocytes
Eosinophils
Basophils

“Never Let Monkeys Eat Bananas”

Question 16

What type of collagen is found in the spleen?

- what secretes it?

Answer 16

Type III collagen

- synthesized by reticular cells (specialized type of fibroblast)

Question 17

What type of collagen is secreted by osteoblasts?

Answer 17

Type I collagen

Question 18

What are the two outer layers that surround hyaline/articular cartilage?

Answer 18

Perichondrium (outermost fibrous layer)
Chondrogenic layer (inner layer with chondroblasts)

Question 19

What is found in the interterritorial matrix of hyaline cartilage?

Answer 19

Type II collagen

Question 20

What is found in the territorial matrix of hyaline cartilage? (ie the dark colour or isogenous nests around chondrocytes).

Answer 20

GAGs

Question 21

What type of cartilage is found in the epiglottis?

Answer 21

Elastic cartilage

Question 22

What type of collagen is found in the annulus fibrosis?

Answer 22

Type I collagen

Question 23

What type of collagen is found in tendons?

Answer 23

Type I collagen

Question 24

What are the cells in tendons for which you can see elongated dark nuclei?

Answer 24

Fibroblasts

Question 25

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds tendons?

Answer 25

Epitenon

Question 26

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds fascicles within tendons?

Answer 26

Endotenon

Question 27

What is found in the zona fasciculata that makes it stain differently than surrounding tissue?

Answer 27

Spongiocytes that have a high fat content

Question 28

What is the surface of the lip called?

Answer 28

Vermillion