Histology

Question 1

What is the most proximal location that gas exchange can occur?

Answer 1

Respiratory bronchioles - need alveoli

Question 2

What is the dividing point between the upper and lower respiratory problem?

Answer 2

Oropharynx

Larynx/trachea/lungs - lower

Question 3

What are the functions of the conducting passages?

Answer 3

Deliver clean, warm and moist air

Produce seromucous secretions

Question 4

Mucosa

Answer 4

Lining of cavity that have a connection to exterior of body

Question 5

What are the 3 functions of the mucosa?

Answer 5

Barrier - physical & immunologic
Secretes products
Selective absorptive interface

Question 6

What are the 2 components of a mucosa?

Answer 6

Epithelium

Lamina Propria - CT/supportive layer

Question 7

What type of epithelium is found in the nasal cavity?

Answer 7

Ciliated pseudostratified columnar with goblet cells

Question 8

How do you remove particulates from mucosa?

Answer 8

Glands and cilia form mucociliary escalator

Question 9

What is the respiratory epithelium composed of?

Answer 9

Columnar
Goblet
Basal
Small granule
Brush
*Pseudostratified Columnar

Question 10

What cells make up the olfactory epithelium?

Answer 10

Olfactory
Supporting - most abundant
Basal
Brush

Question 11

What is characteristic of the nasopharynx?

Answer 11

Pseudstratified columnar epithelium with lymphocytes just under the epithelium

Question 12

What is the epithelium of the vocal cords?

Answer 12

Non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium - superficial lamina propria - can vibrate as well

Question 13

What type of epithelium is on the lingual surface of the epiglottis?

Answer 13

Stratified squamous non-cornified epithelium

Question 14

The trachea has abundant ______________ that are deep to the lamina propria.

Answer 14

Seromucous glands

Question 15

What type of cartilage is found in the bronchi?

Answer 15

Cartilage plates

Question 16

Where are mast cells found?

Answer 16

Bronchi

Question 17

The bronchi have both mast cells and _____________.

Answer 17

Smooth muscle cells

Question 18

What is the primary cell in the wall of the bronchioles (1-5mm)

Answer 18

Smooth muscle - primary supporting cell - no cartilage

Question 19

The terminal bronchiole loses the _______________ and gains ____________ which secrete surfactant like substance.

Answer 19

Columnar epithelial cells

Clara cells

Question 20

Mucosa of the nasal vestibule, oropharynx, vocal folds and respiratory passageways of smokers all have what type of epithelium?

Answer 20

Stratified squamous

Question 21

What are the 3 respiratory passages and what do they all have in common?

Answer 21

1. Respiratory bronchioles
2. Alveolar ducts
3. Alveolar sacs
   Alveoli

Question 22

Pulmonary lobule

Answer 22

Terminal bronchiole and lung tissue it supplies

Question 23

Pulmonary acinus

Answer 23

Portion of the lung supplied by a respiratory bronchiole

Question 24

What happens to the smooth muscle in the alveolar duct?

Answer 24

Disappears mostly - elastic and fibrous tissue

Question 25

What two cells are in the alveoli?

Answer 25

Type 1 Pneumocyte cover most surface area (40% of total cell population of alveolar lining)
Type 2 Pneumocyte more numerous, compact - surfactant

Question 26

What is the function of Type 2 cells

Answer 26

Lamellar bodies that produce surfactant

Question 27

What is the active component of surfactant?

Answer 27

Phospholipids

Question 28

Blood-air barrier consists of ________ epithelial cell, BM-BM, capillary endothelial cell.

Answer 28

Type 1 epithelial cell