First Aid Pharm

Question 1

What are the 1st gen. H1 blockers used for?

Answer 1

Allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid

Question 2

What are the 1st gen H1 blockers?

Answer 2

Diphenhydramine
Dimenhydrinate
Chlorpheniramine

Question 3

What are the 2nd gen H1 blockers used for?

Answer 3

Allergy - not sedating

Question 4

What are the 2nd gen H1 blockers?

Answer 4

Loratadine
Fexofenadine
Desloratadine
Cetirizine

Question 5

Guaifenesin

Answer 5

Expectorant - thins resp. secretions

Question 6

N-acetylcysteine

Answer 6

Mucolytic - loosen plugs in CF patients

*Antidote for acetaminophen OD

Question 7

Dextromethorphan

Answer 7

Antitussive - antagonizes NMDA glutamate receptors

codeine analog

Question 8

Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine

Answer 8

α-agonists - nasal decongestants

Question 9

What are the β2 agonists? What do they do?

Answer 9

Albuterol (short), Salmeterol, formoterol (long)

Relax bronchial smooth muscle

Question 10

Theophylline

Answer 10

Bronchodilator - inhibits PDE → ↑cAMP

**narrow therapeutic use →cardio/neuro tox

Question 11

Ipratropium, Tiotropium

Answer 11

Muscarinic antagonist - prevents bronchoconstriction

Question 12

Where do steroids (beclomethasone and fluticasone) act to treat chronic asthma?

Answer 12

Inactivate NF-κB → no TNF-α or other inflammatory agents

Question 13

What 2 drugs block LT receptors? What is the especially useful for?

Answer 13

Montelukast, zafirlukast

Aspirin-induced asthma

Question 14

Zileuton

Answer 14

Blocks AA→LT ～ 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor

Question 15

Omalizumab

Answer 15

Monoclonal anti-IgE antibody - binds unbound serum IgE

Question 16

Methacholine

Answer 16

Muscarinic receptor agonist - bronchial provocation challenge - dx asthma

Question 17

Bosentan

Answer 17

Antagonizes endothelin-1 receptors — Pulmonary arterial HTN