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Unit 5 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

List two features of an endocrine gland

A

they are ductless

they release their secretions directly into the bloodstream (rather than via ducts)

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2
Q

secretions from endocrine glands are controlled by which 3 things?

A

metabolic factors (like blood glucose)
secretion of other hormones (e.g. TSH)
the nervous system (e.g. adrenaline)

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3
Q

which cells are endocrine glands made up of?

A

modified squamous epithelial cells

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4
Q

Where does the pituitary gland sit?

A

at the base of the brain beneath the third ventricle

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5
Q

What are the 2 parts the pituitary gland is separated into?

A

Anterior and posterior

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6
Q

What is the pituitary gland dependant on?

A

the hypothalamus

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7
Q

What is the blood supply to the anterior pituitary known as?

A

the hypophyseal portal system

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8
Q

what type of tissue is the posterior pituitary made of?

A

nervous tissue

composed of non myelinated axons

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9
Q

what does the antidiuretic hormone do?

A

absorbs water stops you going to the toilet every few minutes!

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10
Q

the paraventricular nucleus secetes what?

A

oxytocin

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11
Q

why is oxytocin needed?

A

needed during labour and lactation

It stimulates smooth muscle contractions of the uterus during orgasm and in labour

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12
Q

what are the ‘bodies’ in the posterior pituitary?

A

Hering bodies

they store hormones

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13
Q

What is the thyroid gland important for?

A

metabolism

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14
Q

What are the functional units in the thyroid gland?

A

thyroid follicles

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15
Q

where is the thyroid gland located?

A

the lower part of the neck

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16
Q

what is the thyroid gland enveloped by?

A

a fibrous capsule

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17
Q

what does calcitonin do?

A

bring calcium levels down

18
Q

everything in the liver is dependant on which gland?

A

thryoid

19
Q

what do C-cells secrete? (thyroid gland)

A

calcitonin

20
Q

what and where are adrenal glands?

A

they are small endocrine cells located at the upper poles of the kidneys

21
Q

what are the 2 components of the adrenal glands?

A

adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla

22
Q

what are the 3 histological zones of the adrenal cortex?

A

zona glomerulus
zona fasiculata
zona reticularis

23
Q

in the cender of an adrenal gland is the medulla, made up of neural tissue, which cells does the neural tissue come from?

A

neural crest cells

24
Q

in the adrenal gland the zona G secretes what?

A

mineralocorticoids

25
Q

in the adrenal gland the zona F secretes what?

A

glucocorticoids

26
Q

in the adrenal gland the zona R secretes what?

A

sex steroids

27
Q

the adrenal gland is encased in a capsule to protect it from what?

A

the kidney

28
Q

the pancreas is made up of which types of glands?

A

endo (20%) and exocrine (80%) glands

29
Q

what are the 3 types of cells in the islets of langerhans called? (in pancreas)

A

alpha
beta
delta

30
Q

the alpha cells in the pancreas secrete what?

A

glucagon

31
Q

the beta cells in the pancreas secrete what?

A

insulin

32
Q

the delta cells in the pancreas secrete what?

A

growth hormone mediators

33
Q

what do pineal glands secrete?

A

melatonin

34
Q

a gland is packet of which type of cells?

A

cuboidal cells

35
Q

how can you distinguish between the anterior and posterior pituitary?

A

anterior has lots of dots and colours and is densely packed

posterior is less dense, more spread out and made out of neural tissue

36
Q

what is the function of the posterior pituitary?

A

a storage for several hormones

37
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

Regulate metabolic activities in certain tissues and organs, helping bring about homeostasis.

38
Q

What are hormones?

A

Chemical messengers secreted by endocrine glands.

They are delivered via the bloodstream to their target cells or organs.

39
Q

Hormones are classified based on their composition into which 3 types?

A

Proteins and polypeptides-mostly water soluble
Amino acid derivatives-mostly water soluble
Steroid and fatty acid derivatives-mostly lipid soluble

40
Q

What is the pituitary gland connected to?

A

Diencephalon

41
Q

Somatotrophs and mammotrophs are two kinds of……? (In pituitary gland)

A

Acidophils

42
Q

What are the 2 hormones secreted by the thyroid gland that stimulate metabolic rate?

A

Thyroxine (T4)

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Unit 5 (3 decks)

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