histology Flashcards
what are the four main tissues of mature animal tissues?
epithelia, connective tissue , muscle tissue, and nervous tissue.
what tissue encloses connective tissue space inside the body, and includes sheets of cells that cover surfaces?
epithelia
what tissue is composed of abundant extracellular matrix, and enclosed by the epithelia?
connective tissue
what tissue is composed of elongated cells that contract to impart motion; embedded in the connective tissue? They use ATP too.
muscle tissue
what cells are thin, and elongated (neurons) that convey signals in the brain and throughout the body? ; embedded in connective tissue. eg. tastebuds
nervous tissue
what is made of non-living matter outside of cells (eg. bones, teeth, leather) ? This usually includes a weave of protein fibers, what is this also called?
the extracellular matrix and collagen
what is are the teams of cells called that have specific functions?
tissues
functional groupings of tissues are called ?
organs
what are a team of organs called that enact major body functions in only animals?
organ system
what develop from epithelia membranes and are they considered epithelia too?
glands develop and yes they’re epithelia too
what tissue cells are attached to an basement membrane (structureless material secreted by cells), depend of capillaries for food/oxygen, and can regenerate if well nourished?
epithelia tissue
what are the three epithelial enclosures of the connective tissue?
mucosa (internal spaces open to the world) , skin, peritoneum (lines the body cavity)
whats the basal surface of epithelia? it’s also a weave of matrix
its the tissue attached to the connective tissue by basement membrane
whats the apical surface of epithelia?
exposed surfaces
what is simple epithelia?
this is one layer of cells
what is stratified epithelia?
multiple layers of cells
what are the three shapes of epithelia cells?
squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
shape of squamous? what do they line? (4 things)
flat thin cells. lines the lungs because very permeable, lines blood vessels/heart, and the peritoneum.
shape of cuboidal? what do they form? (3 things)
cube like cells. Form the tubules in the kidney, forms the gland ducts, can have a brush border of microvilli.
shape of columnar ? what do they line? (4 things)
column shaped cells. Lines the digestive tract, reproductive duct, has a brush border in the intestine, and a ciliated version lines the fallopian tubes
Are the three shape of epithelia glandular or non-glandular?
all non-glandular
what are sheets of cells that cover surfaces called?
non-glandular
what looks stratified but is not, and is ciliated versions of the epithelia tissues, as well as lines air passages?
Pseudo stratified epithelia, simple
what has multiple layers of cells, and is named from the elongated shape of apical cells?
stratified epithelia
what cells are flattened and elongated, these cells accommodate “wear and tear”, what would these line?
stratified squamous. Lines the skin, mouth, pharynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, and birth canal
what cells change shape to accommodate stretch and what does it line?
transitional epithelia, and it lines the urinary conductive organs. Looks “bubbly”
what are the two types of glandular epithelia?
exocrine and endocrine
which glandular tissue is outside and inside of the connective tissue, secretes useful product outside the body, and has the look of pockets/channels?
exocrine, secrete sweat, oils
Which glandular tissue secretes hormones into the blood or lymphatic vessels, and is located only inside of the connective tissue?
endocrine
what is the correct term for “fat”, what cells composes the “fat”, and what does it look like?
adipose, is composed of adipocytes, looks kinda like honey combs under the scope
is adipose a special or proper connective tissue?
special
what does special connective tissue include ?
blood, bone, cartlidge, and fat
the matrix of special conn. tissue includes two things…
protein fibers and ground substance
what gives “body”, and texture to the tissue. This can be like. firm gel, liquid, and mineral, what’s an example of each of these?
ground substance. example of firm gel is cartilage, mineral is bone, and liquid is connective tissue.
what are the two types of adipose?
white fat and brown fat
which type of fat stores long term energy, cushions, and insulates?
white fat
which fat is found in birds and mammals, babies have this mostly , and it generates heat..
brown fat
what are the three types of proper connective tissue?
areolar (loose tissue), dense regular conn. tissue, and irregular dense conn. tissue
this tissue is most abundant, provides conduits for blood vessels/nerves, stores body fluids, and helps hold the organs together (general “stuffing” of the body)
areolar tissue, loose conn. tissue
what does the areolar tissue form that’s the underlayment of the epithelia?
lamina propria of the mucose and peritoneum
what’s the tissue that the fibers are arranged in ONE direction to accommodate stress?
dense regular conn. tissue
dense regular conn. tissue forms what 2 things, and what do they do?
form ligaments that connect the bones to other bones and tendons that allow the muscles to attach to bones
what tissue is arranged in a weave of multiple directions, like a clothe. What does it do? What’s an example?
dense irregular connective tissue, and this encapsulates everything. The dermis is an example
what holds the tissues together in animals?
cell junctions
what are the three cell junctions?
desmosomes, tight/occluding, and gap junctions
what cells will you see when looking at areolar and what do they do?
fibroblasts, these build the matrix
what cell junction is similar to protein “buttons” and connects cells to cells? Similar to a big piece of protein holding everything together.
desmosomes
what cell junction is like a protein “belt” between epithelia cells and they limit flu8id leakage?
tight or occluding junctions
what cell junction is like a protein “portal” that permits cytoplasm sharing? what muscle in the chest is linked to these, and whats the purpose?
Gap junctions. Linked to the cardiac muscles, purpose is to control the heart cell contraction coordination
what are the cells called that are linked by the gap junction?
syncytium
