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Case 9: Liver > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the heaviest & largest glands in the body

A

Liver

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2
Q

What is the 2 component of the liver

A

Stroma
Parenchyma

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3
Q

What is the stroma

A

A capsule of Glisson w/ some trabecular/septa & reticular fibre network surrounding

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4
Q

What is the 2 functions of of the falciform ligament

A

To attach to diaphragm & anterior abdominal wall
Separate right & left lobes

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5
Q

What is the blood supply of the liver

A

Hepatic portal vein w/ nutrient rich blood & hepatic artery w/ oxygen rich blood meet at the hepatic sinusoid

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6
Q

Where does the hepatic portal vein get their blood from

A

GIT, spleen & pancreas

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7
Q

What is the structural & functional units of the liver

A

Hepatic lobule

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8
Q

What is the 5 part of the hepatic lobule

A
  1. Hepatocytes
  2. Sinusoidal space
  3. Bile canaliculi
  4. Central vein
  5. Portal triad
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9
Q

What does the portal triad contain

A

Artery, vein & bile ductule

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10
Q

What is the hepatic sinusoid & the appearance of thereof

A

Highly permeable blood capillary that has a fenestrated, discontinued basement membrane

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11
Q

What type of blood does the hepatic sinusoid receive & where does it deliver to

A

Receive oxygenated blood from hepatic artery
Deoxygenated blood but nutrient rich blood from hepatic portal vein
Delivers to central vein

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12
Q

What specialised cells can be found in the hepatic sinusoid

A

Kupffer cells

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13
Q

What is the limiting plate

A

It separates the portal triad & hepatic lobule & gives structural support & protective barrier

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14
Q

Where can you find bile canaliculi & why

A

At the side of hepatocytes as they secrete bile into it

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15
Q

What is the flow of bile

A

Hepatocytes to canaliculi to periportal bile ductules into bile ducts at the portal triad
Left & right hepatic ducts & exits the liver as common hepatic duct into cystic duct at gallbladder & form common bile duct that deliver to small intestine at Ampulla of Valter under control of sphincter of Oddi

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16
Q

What is the functional cells of the liver

A

Hepatocytes

17
Q

What is the 3D arrangement of hepatocytes

A

Hepatic laminae

18
Q

What is the three structure of hepatic laminae

A

Cuboidal cells
Plates of hepatocytes 1 cell thick
Branch that contain venous sinusoids

19
Q

Where is the apical membrane of the hepatocytes

A

At the border of bile canaliculi lined by microvilli & sealed w/ tight junctions

20
Q

Where is the basolateral membrane of the hepatocytes

A

Basal aspect: faces the space of Disse w/ abundant microvilli
Lateral aspect: between hepatocytes w/ adherents & gap junctions

21
Q

Where is Space of Disse

A

Between endothelial cells & hepatocytes

22
Q

What is the 3 components of Space of Disse contain & their function

A

Stellate cells/cells of Ito that stores vitamin A & fat & produce ECM
Reticular fibres for scaffolding
Tisssue fluid/plasma fluid- lymph producing Ito the space of Mall

23
Q

What is stellate cells

A

Quiescent cells that will differentiate into myofibroblasts in response to injury

24
Q

Relate 7 structure & function component of the liver

A
  1. Nucleus due to high transcriptional activity
  2. Numerous mitochondria for detoxification & transport of bile
  3. RER & Golgi for synthesis of plasma protein & glycosylation of secreted proteins
  4. Peroxisomes that contains enzymes for B oxidation & breakdown of products
  5. SER for synthesis of glycogen, lipids & detoxification
  6. Abundant glycogen for gluconeogenesis
  7. Lysosomes for iron storage & degrade aged plasma glycoproteins
25
Q

What is the 3 functional views of hepatic lobule

A
  1. Classic hepatic lobule
  2. Portal lobule
  3. Hepatic acinus
26
Q

What is the shape & function of classic hepatic lobule

A

Hexagonal w/ central vein & portal triad at the angles
Blood flow towards central vein

27
Q

What is the shape & function of portal lobule

A

Triangle w/ boundaries at central vein
Exocrine function & direction of bile flow

28
Q

What is the shape & function of hepatic acinus

A

Circular w/ boundaries at terminal branch of hepatic artery
Arterial blood flow w/ 3 zones

29
Q

What is the 3 zones of hepatic acinus

A

Zone 1/periportal: most metabolically active & regenerative zone w/ highest oxygen [ ]
Zone 2: intermediate region
Zone 3/pericentral: oxygen [ ] poorest but glycolysis, metabolism & detoxification

30
Q

What area of hepatic acinus is most prone to ischaemia

A

Zone 3/pericentral zone

Case 9: Liver (8 decks)

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