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Case 9: Liver > Hepatitis > Flashcards

Hepatitis Flashcards

1
Q

What is the 5 causes of viral hepatitis

A
  1. Hepatitis A to E
  2. Yellow fever
  3. HSV
  4. CMV
  5. EBV
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2
Q

What is the effect of a lipid envelope

A

A lipid envelope makes a virus less stable & get killed easily

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3
Q

What is the incubation period of yellow fever

A

3-6 days

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4
Q

What is the 4 complications of yellow fever

A

Haemorrhage
Fever
Shock
Coagulopathy

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5
Q

What is the treatment of yellow fever

A

Supportive treatment

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6
Q

What is the prevention of yellow fever

A

Vaccine (live attenuated vaccine)

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7
Q

What is the phases of clinical hepatitis

A

Prodormal phase: anorexia, malaise, fatigue, liver inflammation, RUQ pain, s-sickness
Icteric phase: RUQ pain, fatigue, N, V, fever, hepatomegaly, jaundice causing dark urine & paller stool, anorexia & rash
Recovery
Chronicity

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8
Q

What is the genome of hepatitis A

A

Linear + ssRNA
Not enveloped

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9
Q

What viral hepatitis is spread via faecal oral route

A

Hepatitis A & E

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10
Q

What hepatitis virus is spread via food borne route

A

Hepatitis A & E

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11
Q

What hepatitis virus has an envelope

A

Hepatitis A & E

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12
Q

What hepatitis viruses are spread via bodily fluids routes

A

Hepatitis B, C & D

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13
Q

What hepatitis viruses are not enveloped

A

Hepatitis B, C & D

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14
Q

What is the genome of hepatitis E

A

Linear +ssRNA
Not enveloped

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15
Q

What is the genome of hepatitis C

A

Linear + ssRNA
Enveloped

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16
Q

What is the genome of hepatitis D

A

Circular RNA
Capsid

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17
Q

What is the genome of hepatitis B

A

3/4 circular dsDNA & 1/4 ssDNA
Enveloped

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18
Q

What hepatitis E genotype cause infection

A

Type 1 & 2 in faceal oral
Typo 3 in food

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19
Q

What genotypes cause infection in hepatitis B

A

Genotype A & D

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20
Q

What enzyme is used for replication in hepatitis B

A

Reverse transcriptase

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21
Q

What is the 5 HBV proteins produced

A
  1. X
  2. Polymerase
  3. HBsAg: viral envelope & produced in excess for spread
  4. HBcAg: core
  5. HBeAg: non structural immunomodulatory protein
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22
Q

Is hepatitis A acute or chronic & what is the symptoms at each phase

A

Acute
Asymptomatic or symptomatic (more common in adults) as viral gastroenteritis or RTI

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23
Q

Is hepatitis E acute or chronic & what is the symptoms at each phase

A

Acute: asymptomatic or symptomatic (more common in adults) as viral gastroenteritis or RTI
Chronic: immunocompromised people causing fever, LOA & fatigue

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24
Q

Is hepatitis C acute or chronic & the symptoms associated with each phase

A

Acute: asymptomatic or symptomatic (more common in adults) as viral gastroenteritis or RTI
Chronic: asymptomatic w/ flares until end stage liver disease

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25
Q

Is hepatitis D acute or chronic & the symptoms associated with each phase

A

Chronic as it is co-infected w/ hepatitis B

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26
Q

Is hepatitis B acute or chronic & the symptoms associated with each phase

A

Acute
Chronic

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27
Q

What is the 3 types of hepatitis B chronic infection

A
  1. HBeAg +: high viral load & slow damage
  2. HBeAg-: low viral load & slow progression & mutations post HBeAg +
  3. Occult: low level replication
28
Q

What is the complications of hepatitis A

A

Fulminant hepatitis: liver failure, cholestasis or relapsing hepatitis
Increased risk if immunocompromised

29
Q

What is the complications of hepatitis E

A

Cirrhosis

30
Q

What is the 2 complications of hepatitis C

A

Cirrhosis
HCC

31
Q

What is the complications of hepatitis D

A

Cirrhosis

32
Q

What is the 3 complications of hepatitis A

A

Cirrhosis
HCC
Glomerulonephritis

33
Q

What is the prevention of hepatitis A

A

Vaccine & hygiene

34
Q

What is the prevention of hepatitis E

A

Hygiene

35
Q

What is the 2 preventions of hepatitis C

A

IVDU control
Blood & organ screening

36
Q

What is the prevention of hepatitis D

A

Preventing HBV infection w/ vaccine

37
Q

What is the prevention of hepatitis B

A

Vaccine

38
Q

What is the treatment of hepatitis A

A

Supportive & if severe liver transplant

39
Q

What is the acute treatment of hepatitis E

A

Supportive & ribavirin (severe)

40
Q

What is the chronic treatment of hepatitis E

A

Ribavirin & interferon alpha

41
Q

What is the new treatment of hepatitis C

A

Protease inhibitor, NS5A inhibitor, RNA polymerase inhibitor

42
Q

What is the classic treatment of hepatitis C

A

IFN-alpha & ribavirin

43
Q

What is the treatment of hepatitis D

A

Supportive & treat HBV

44
Q

What is the acute treatment of hepatitis B

A

Supportive

45
Q

What is the chronic treatment of hepatitis B

A

NRTI & IFN-alpha

46
Q

What is the 2 instances not to give IFN-alpha

A

Acute hepatitis & cirhosis

47
Q

What is the treatment in hepatitis B w/ HCC

A

Chemotherapy, ablation & resection

48
Q

What is the treatment in hepatitis B w/ HCC & cirrhosis

A

Transplant

49
Q

What is the immediate PEP treatment for hepatitis A

A

Vaccine immediately after exposure

50
Q

What is the delayed PEP treatment for hepatitis A

A

Vaccine & HNIG vaccine

51
Q

What is the PEP treatment for hepatitis B in Ab -

A

Vaccine & immunoglobulin

52
Q

What is the PEP treatment for hepatitis B in Ab +

A

Safe

53
Q

What is the PEP treatment for hepatitis B in babies

A

Extended immunological programme @ birth, 6, 10 & 14 weeks

54
Q

How to diagnoses recent/current hepatitis A infection

A

IgM +

55
Q

How to diagnoses immunity/past hepatitis A infection

A

IgG+

56
Q

When is viral shed the highest of hepatitis A

A

At the end of incubation period while asymptomatic at day 23

57
Q

What is the 3 diagnostic test to diagnose hepatitis E

A

ELISA (Ag in stool/serum)
Transaminase & LFT
PCR

58
Q

What is the steps in diagnosing hepatitis C

A
  1. Anti-HCIgG 1 (serology) +
  2. HCV RNA + current infection or - prior infection
59
Q

What indicator is used to monitor treatment response

A

HCV viral load

60
Q

What indicator is used predicting treatment response

A

HCV genotyping

61
Q

What does HBsAg marker mean in HBV diagnosis

A

General marker of infection

62
Q

What does anti-HBs marker mean in HBV diagnosis

A

Recovery/immunity

63
Q

What does anti-HBc IgM marker mean in HBV diagnosis

A

Marker of acute infection

64
Q

What does anti-HBc total marker mean in HBV diagnosis

A

Past or chronic infection

65
Q

What does HBeAg marker mean in HBV diagnosis

A

Active replication of virus & infectiveness

66
Q

What does anti-HBe marker mean in HBV diagnosis

A

Virus not longer replicate

Case 9: Liver (8 decks)

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