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A+P Exam 1 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue

A

Most abundant in body
1.protects
2.supports
3.binds
4.insulates
5.transports

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2
Q

Mesenchyme

A

CT derives from it, it derives from mesoderm germ layer

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3
Q

Fibroblast

A

CT Proper

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4
Q

Chondroblast

A

Cartilage

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5
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone

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6
Q

Hemocytoblast

A

Blood (mitotic)

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7
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Fibers+ground substance
Separates living cells
Provides strength +elasticity
Communicates and organizes

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8
Q

Collagen fiber

A

20 types
Long, unbranched
Strongest fiber, somewhat flexible

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9
Q

Elastic fiber

A

Secreted by fibroblasts+smooth muscle
Resilient
Found in vertebral ligaments, skin, lungs

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10
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Very thin branching fibers
Collagen and carbs
Supports small structures
In basement membrane
Homopoietic tissue (new tissue formed)

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11
Q

Ground substance

A

Fills space between cells and fibers
1. Interstitial fluid
2. Proteoglycans

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12
Q

Proteoglycan

A

Negatively charged, carb rich chain GAG attached to protein core

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13
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)

A

Branching polysaccaride, occupies ECM

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14
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

Common GAG determines viscosity+permeability
Synovial fluid, cartilage

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15
Q

Chondroitin sulfate

A

Predominant GAG, of hyaline and elastic cartilage
Also in large blood vessels

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16
Q

Mast cells

A

Long blood vessels
Initiates inflammatory response

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17
Q

Heparin

A

Mast cell
Anticoagulant prevents clotting

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18
Q

Histamine

A

Mast cell
Contracts and increases permeability
Dilates vessels

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19
Q

Macrophages

A

Come from monocytes, phagocytize dead tissue, matrix
Can be attached or move freely

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20
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

1.loose connective tissue
2.dense connective tissue

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21
Q

Loose CT

A

Areolar, adipose, reticular

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22
Q

Dense CT

A

Regular, irregular, elastic

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23
Q

Cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

24
Q

Cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

25
Irregular dense tissue
Closely packed, Tension in multiple directions Form dermis, kidneys, heart, testes, joint capsules
26
Regular dense CT
Tension in one direction, parallel cellular arrangement
27
Areolar CT
Loose CT fluid Fibroblasts+Mast cells Under epithelia, absorbs fluid
28
Adipose tissue
Loose CT fibroblasts for fat storage (adipocytes) In same spots as areolar tissue (under epithelia, lines GI)
29
White fat
Subcutaneous tissue, most of adipose tissue Baby=covered in white fat Adult=thins out
30
Brown fat
Primarily in infants (2-5% body weight) Innervated, vascularized Heat regulation (Adults shiver instead of brown fat)
31
Reticular CT
Collagenous fibers Parallel bundles Tension in one direction
32
Hyaline cartilage
Provides cushion, flexibility, support Trachea, larynx, rib to sternum, nose
33
Fibrocartilage
Strength, rigidity, shock absorption Little ground substance Collagen fibers Meniscus, intervertebral, public symphysis
34
Elastic cartilage
Contains elastin fibers Maintains shape but is elastic Ear, epiglottis
35
Bone tissue
Osteomyelitis Compact (corticol) Spongy (cancellous, trabecular)
36
Blood tissue
Considered CT fibers visible during clotting 1.erythrocytes (rbc) 2.leukocytes (wbc
37
Epidermis
Stratified squamous epithelium
38
Keratinocytes
Forms bulk of epidermis Produces keratin Dead at apical surface
39
Melanocytes
Cell of epidermis Synthesize release melanin On superficial side of kerotinocyte Protects from UV
40
Langherhans cell
Epidermal cell Type of macrophages
41
Merkel cells
Epidermis cell Sensory nerve receptor for touch
42
Stratum basale
Deepest layer of epidermis Simple columnar Contains merkel cells and melanocytes
43
Stratum spinosum
Second deepest layer of epidermis (Spiny layer) Mostly langherhans cells
44
Stratum granulosum
3rd deepest of epidermis (Granular layer) 3-5 rows flattened cells Cells are in various stages of degeneration
45
Stratum Lucidum
2nd most superficial epidermis (Clear layer) Only in thick skin (palms, soles)
46
Stratum corneum
Most superficial layer Barrier to light, heat waves, bacteria, chemicals 25-30 rows of dead cells with keratin
47
Dermis
Areolar and dense irregular CT Full of blood vessels, nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels, oil and sweat glands, hair follicles
48
Papillary layer
Superficial layer of dermis Areolar CT Dermal Papillae project into epidermis producing epidermal ridge Contains loops of capillaries
49
Reticular layer
Deep layer of dermis Dense irregular CT permits flexibility and strength in all directions
50
Hypodermis
(Subcutaneous tissue) Areolar and adipose tissue Lies between dermis and deep fascia of muscles
51
Sweat glands
(Sudoriferous) Eccrine: mostly in palms, soles, feet, forehead Apocrine: axillary, genital regions Mix of fat and protein
52
Sebaceous glands
Connects to hair follicles Secretes sebum (lubricates hair, contains lipids and cell fragmants)
53
Ceruminous glands
Secretes cerumen (ear wax)
54
Mammary glands
Secretes milk
55
Hair
Sense light touches In thin skin Associated with sebaceous glands
56
Pacinian corpuscle
Senses deep pressure and vibration Deep in dermis in all skin
57
Meissner's corpuscle
Most superficial part of dermis Senses light touch in thick skin

A+P Exam 1 (3 decks)

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