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A+P Exam 1 > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Connective tissue

A

Most abundant in body
1.protects
2.supports
3.binds
4.insulates
5.transports

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2
Q

Mesenchyme

A

CT derives from it, it derives from mesoderm germ layer

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3
Q

Fibroblast

A

CT Proper

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4
Q

Chondroblast

A

Cartilage

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5
Q

Osteoblast

A

Bone

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6
Q

Hemocytoblast

A

Blood (mitotic)

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7
Q

Extracellular matrix

A

Fibers+ground substance
Separates living cells
Provides strength +elasticity
Communicates and organizes

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8
Q

Collagen fiber

A

20 types
Long, unbranched
Strongest fiber, somewhat flexible

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9
Q

Elastic fiber

A

Secreted by fibroblasts+smooth muscle
Resilient
Found in vertebral ligaments, skin, lungs

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10
Q

Reticular fibers

A

Very thin branching fibers
Collagen and carbs
Supports small structures
In basement membrane
Homopoietic tissue (new tissue formed)

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11
Q

Ground substance

A

Fills space between cells and fibers
1. Interstitial fluid
2. Proteoglycans

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12
Q

Proteoglycan

A

Negatively charged, carb rich chain GAG attached to protein core

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13
Q

Glycosaminoglycans (GAG)

A

Branching polysaccaride, occupies ECM

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14
Q

Hyaluronic acid

A

Common GAG determines viscosity+permeability
Synovial fluid, cartilage

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15
Q

Chondroitin sulfate

A

Predominant GAG, of hyaline and elastic cartilage
Also in large blood vessels

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16
Q

Mast cells

A

Long blood vessels
Initiates inflammatory response

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17
Q

Heparin

A

Mast cell
Anticoagulant prevents clotting

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18
Q

Histamine

A

Mast cell
Contracts and increases permeability
Dilates vessels

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19
Q

Macrophages

A

Come from monocytes, phagocytize dead tissue, matrix
Can be attached or move freely

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20
Q

Connective tissue proper

A

1.loose connective tissue
2.dense connective tissue

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21
Q

Loose CT

A

Areolar, adipose, reticular

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22
Q

Dense CT

A

Regular, irregular, elastic

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23
Q

Cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

24
Q

Cartilage

A

Hyaline
Fibrocartilage
Elastic

25
Q

Irregular dense tissue

A

Closely packed,
Tension in multiple directions
Form dermis, kidneys, heart, testes, joint capsules

26
Q

Regular dense CT

A

Tension in one direction, parallel cellular arrangement

27
Q

Areolar CT

A

Loose CT
fluid
Fibroblasts+Mast cells
Under epithelia, absorbs fluid

28
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Loose CT
fibroblasts for fat storage (adipocytes)
In same spots as areolar tissue (under epithelia, lines GI)

29
Q

White fat

A

Subcutaneous tissue, most of adipose tissue
Baby=covered in white fat
Adult=thins out

30
Q

Brown fat

A

Primarily in infants (2-5% body weight)
Innervated, vascularized
Heat regulation
(Adults shiver instead of brown fat)

31
Q

Reticular CT

A

Collagenous fibers
Parallel bundles
Tension in one direction

32
Q

Hyaline cartilage

A

Provides cushion, flexibility, support
Trachea, larynx, rib to sternum, nose

33
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Strength, rigidity, shock absorption
Little ground substance
Collagen fibers
Meniscus, intervertebral, public symphysis

34
Q

Elastic cartilage

A

Contains elastin fibers
Maintains shape but is elastic
Ear, epiglottis

35
Q

Bone tissue

A

Osteomyelitis
Compact (corticol)
Spongy (cancellous, trabecular)

36
Q

Blood tissue

A

Considered CT
fibers visible during clotting
1.erythrocytes (rbc)
2.leukocytes (wbc

37
Q

Epidermis

A

Stratified squamous epithelium

38
Q

Keratinocytes

A

Forms bulk of epidermis
Produces keratin
Dead at apical surface

39
Q

Melanocytes

A

Cell of epidermis
Synthesize release melanin
On superficial side of kerotinocyte
Protects from UV

40
Q

Langherhans cell

A

Epidermal cell
Type of macrophages

41
Q

Merkel cells

A

Epidermis cell
Sensory nerve receptor for touch

42
Q

Stratum basale

A

Deepest layer of epidermis
Simple columnar
Contains merkel cells and melanocytes

43
Q

Stratum spinosum

A

Second deepest layer of epidermis
(Spiny layer)
Mostly langherhans cells

44
Q

Stratum granulosum

A

3rd deepest of epidermis
(Granular layer)
3-5 rows flattened cells
Cells are in various stages of degeneration

45
Q

Stratum Lucidum

A

2nd most superficial epidermis
(Clear layer)
Only in thick skin (palms, soles)

46
Q

Stratum corneum

A

Most superficial layer
Barrier to light, heat waves, bacteria, chemicals
25-30 rows of dead cells with keratin

47
Q

Dermis

A

Areolar and dense irregular CT
Full of blood vessels, nerve fibers, lymphatic vessels, oil and sweat glands, hair follicles

48
Q

Papillary layer

A

Superficial layer of dermis
Areolar CT
Dermal Papillae project into epidermis producing epidermal ridge
Contains loops of capillaries

49
Q

Reticular layer

A

Deep layer of dermis
Dense irregular CT
permits flexibility and strength in all directions

50
Q

Hypodermis

A

(Subcutaneous tissue)
Areolar and adipose tissue
Lies between dermis and deep fascia of muscles

51
Q

Sweat glands

A

(Sudoriferous)
Eccrine: mostly in palms, soles, feet, forehead
Apocrine: axillary, genital regions
Mix of fat and protein

52
Q

Sebaceous glands

A

Connects to hair follicles
Secretes sebum (lubricates hair, contains lipids and cell fragmants)

53
Q

Ceruminous glands

A

Secretes cerumen (ear wax)

54
Q

Mammary glands

A

Secretes milk

55
Q

Hair

A

Sense light touches
In thin skin
Associated with sebaceous glands

56
Q

Pacinian corpuscle

A

Senses deep pressure and vibration
Deep in dermis in all skin

57
Q

Meissner’s corpuscle

A

Most superficial part of dermis
Senses light touch in thick skin

A+P Exam 1 (3 decks)

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