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histology Flashcards

1
Q

parotid gland

A 
largest of salivary glands
25% of salivary volume
compound tubulo-acinar gland
secretion is serous (salivary amylase)
adipose tissue
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2
Q

submanbular gland

A 
w/sublingual 70% of saliva
mixed, but mostly serous
serous demilune:
-serous cells (salivary amylase)
-mucous cells (mucins)
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3
Q

sublingual

A

w/submandibular 70% saliva
mixed gland, but mostly mucous
serous cells, mucous cells, and serous demilunes

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4
Q

minor salivary glands

A

located in CT

5% saliva

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5
Q

external aspect of lip

A

covered w/normal thin skin

continous w/vermilion zone

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6
Q

vermilion zone

A

pink region of lip
extensive dermal papillae
capillary loops give color
devoid of hair and sweat glands

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7
Q

internal aspect

A

always wet
strasfied squamous wet epi
dense irregular CT underlying
many minor salivary glands

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8
Q

teeth

A

20 deciduous
replaced by 32 permanent teeth:
20 succedaneous
12 molars

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9
Q

anatomy of tooth

A 
crown- visible
root- w/in alveolus
cervix- btwn crown and root
enamel- hardest substance in body
dentin
cermentum
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10
Q

pulp space

A
  • pulp chamber (in crown and cervix)

- root canal (in root) has apical foramen for passage of blood, lymph, nn

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11
Q

gingiva

A

tough mucous membrane exposed to strenuous forces
stratisfied squamous epi (paritially-fully cornified)
dense irregular CT (collagen type I)
as epi approaches tooth:
-curves and proceeds toward root tip
-attached to enamel surface by hemidesmosomes
-forms a barrier btwn oral cavity and gingival CT

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12
Q

Hard palate

A

anterior
bony immovable, rigid
statisfied squamous epi (partially-fully cornified)
dense irregular CT (anteriorly displays clusters of adipose, posteriorly minor salivary glands)

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13
Q

soft palate

A 
posterior
fleshy, movable
core of skeletal m
stratified squamous noncornified epi
subjacent dense irregular CT
minor salivary glands
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14
Q

uvula

A

posterior extension of soft palate
lined by stratified squamous noncornified epi
mix of serous and seromucous glands and m

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15
Q

tongue

A 
intertwined mass of skeletal m:
-extrinsic m 
-intrinsic:
~superior longitudinal
~inferior longitudinal
~vertical
~transverse
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16
Q

glands of tongue

A

mucous- glands of Nuhn

serous- von Ebners

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17
Q

sulcus terminalis

A

divides tongue into ant 2/3 and post 1/3

foramen cecum

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18
Q

dorsal surface of tongue

A 
lingual papilae ant 2/3s
lingual papillae type:
-filiform
-fungiform
-circumvallate
-foliate
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19
Q

filifrom

A 
numerous slender structures
impart velvety appearance to dorsal surface
straified squamous cornified epi
function to scrap food 
no taste buds
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20
Q

fungiform

A

covered by stratified squamous non-cornified
red dots throughout due to subepithelial capillaries
have taste buds on dorsal aspect of ‘cap’

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21
Q

circumvallate

A

8-12, in V-shape ant to sulcus terminalis
surrounded by epi lined groove
taste buds w/in groove and side, not on dorsum

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22
Q

foliate

A

located along posteriolateral aspect
appear as verticle furrows
have functional taste buds in neonate, degenerate by 2 or 3
slender ducts of serous minor salivary glands empty into base of furrows at the core of the tongue

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23
Q

taste bud

A 
about 3000 on surface of tongue
distinctly paler 
70-80um long, 30-40um wide
each has 60-80 spindle shaped cells
taste pore opens into squamous epi
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24
Q

cell types in taste bud

A

gustatory (neuroepi)
sustentacular
basal

25
general plan lumen out
mucosa submucosa muscularis externa adventitia
26
mucosa
lining of internal passages barrier btwn tissues and external environment thin enough for absorption and/or secretion supplemental mucus glands common in CT
27
mucosal layers
-epithelium (included BM), type varies -lamina propria, loose CT underlying and supporting epi, contains vessels, lymph, nn, mucosal glands -muscularis mucosae: 2 layers of smooth m; ~ inner circular, ~outer longitudinal, ~at times 3rd layer (stomach), obllique
28
submucosa
layer of CT w/some elastic fibers | vessels, lymph, nn, parasympathetic ganglia (meissners plexus), sumucosal glands
29
2 layers of smooth m
``` inner circular, outer longitudinal, both spiraled vascular and ANS plexi parasympathetic ganglia (Auerbachs plexus): maintains tonus in tube, propels luminal contents ```
30
adventitia
-outermost coat of dense CT, blends w/CT of surrounding area
31
serosa
hollow oragns w/in or projecting into cavity covered w/peritoneum single layer of mesothelial cells entire coat then called serosa large vessels and nn found here
32
developmentally
epithlial lining from endoderm | CT and smooth m from mesoderm
33
moving distally
``` SA increases lumen widens invaginations (pits) more distally become invaginations (crypts) and evaginations (villi) goblet cells increase basophilia of mucous increases lyph infiltation of CT increases ```
34
duodenum
secondarily retroperitoneal 10-12" bile and pancreatic ducts enter
35
jejunum
peritoneal 2/5s 8 ft
36
ileum
peritoneal 3/5s 12 ft
37
large intestine
``` water reabsorption dehydration of chyme produces mucous secretion fecal storage similar to colon, but muscualris externa of rectum complete mucosal folds buldge into lumen numberous goblet cells occasional enteroendocrine cells connects to anal canal ```
38
anal canal
connects rectum to anus pectinate line epi changes from simple columnar to stratified wet squamous retroperitoneal
39
esophageal mucosa
~epi- straified non-cornified, very thick, relatively acellular CT ~lamina propria- boundary provides better attachement for epi, PEG= downward projections of epi, PAPILLAE= upward projections of CT, contains scattered lymp nodules, cardiac esophageal glands ~muscularis mucosae- well developed may contain several layers of smooth m and some elastic fibers
40
esophagus submucosa
thrown into longitudinal folds characteristic star shaped lumen folds allow lumen to dilate for passage of food bolus esophogeal glands - secrete mucous via ducts
41
esophagus muscularis externa
smooth/skeletal ratio increases, no skeletal distally
42
esophagus adventitia
blends w/surronding CT | NO SEROSA
43
cardioesophageal jnx
sudden change from straified squamous to simple columnar
44
anatomical regions of stomach
cardiac body fundus pyloric
45
histological regions of stomach
cardia fundus (includes body) pylorus
46
stomach mucosa
epi- simple columnar, mucous-secreting cells (not goblet cells), invaginates to line gastric pits, filled w/many gastric glands which open via gastric pits lamina propria- occupies slit like spaces btwn gastric glands and pits muscularis mucosa- present at level of base of glands
47
stomach submucosa
extends into rugae, contains blood, lymph, nn, CT
48
muscularis externa
inner layer- runs obliquely incomplete middle- circular, continuous w/inner layer of gut tube, thick at pylorus to form sphincter outer layer- longitudinal, continuous w/outer layer of gut tube
49
stomach outer tunic
serosal layer
50
cardiac region
narrow ring shaped area around esophogeal opening gastric pits extend 1/4-1/2 depth of mucosa cardiac gastric glands empty into base of pits surface mucosal cells- on mucosal surface and lining pits (turn over in 4-5 days) undifferentiated cells- in base of pits and neck of glands
51
fundic reegion
``` 2/3s of stomach gastric pits 1/4-1/3 of mucosa 1 pit= 3-7 glands muccous neck cell (neck of gland) parietal cells (neck, mostly base) zymogentic chief cells (base) enterodendocrine cells aka argentaffin cells (few in number in base) ```
52
pyloric regions
distal 1/3 of stomach pits 1/2 depth of mucosa pyloric glands short and coiled: mucous secreting and gastrin secreting cells
53
main gastric glands
surface mucous cells, columnar cells cover entire surace and line gastric pits appear empty or foamy (due to mucous lost in prep) secrete neutral mucus
54
mucous neck cells
flattened basal nuclei secretion granules and microvilli are apical produce acidic mucus differ structurally from surface mucous cells
55
parietal cells
large, round, or triangular, cells w/dark central nuclei cytoplasm stains pink to red smooth ER prominent in ctyoplasm microvilli and intracellular canaliculi present produce: HCL, intrinsic factor (required for absorption of vit B12)
56
chief cell
``` pale staining oval nuclei and mito are basal apical secretion granules microvilli alot of rough ER produce: pepsin and lipase ```
57
gastric enteroendocrine cells
throughout GI tract, most common in small intestines in gastric glands btwn chief cells and BM synthesize/store: gastrin, somatostatin, vasoactive intestinal peptide, serotonin, glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide
58
oral cavity
mucosa- stratified squamous non-cornified epi and underlying CT

GI (14 decks)

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