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Anatomy Kate > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

Back and Thorax

1
Q

What is histology?

A

study of microscopic anatomy of cells and tissues

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2
Q

Histology is the basis of what three other things?

A

histopathology, diagnosing, treating disease

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3
Q

What are the basic units of the human body?

A

cells

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4
Q

What are the aggregates of cells which serve a specific function?

A

tissues

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5
Q

What are the aggregates of tissues which serve multiple, but related functions?

A

organs

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6
Q

What contains the cell genetic materials?

A

nucleus

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7
Q

What is the layer that separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm, and how many layers does it have?

A

Nuclear envelope, 2

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8
Q

What is within the nucleolus?

A

ribosomes

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9
Q

What is the control center of th cell?

A

nucleus

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10
Q

What separates the cell from the extracellular environment?

A

plasma membrane

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11
Q

What part of the cell contains all of the organelles found within the cell?

A

cytoplasm

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12
Q

What is a filamentous structure of proteins that provides the structural framework of the cell?

A

cytoskeleton

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13
Q

What does the mitochondria do?

A

generates ATP, powerhouse of the cell

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14
Q

What happens in the cytoplasm after the nucleolus produces ribosomes?

A

translate mRNA and make proteins

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15
Q

What happens in the smooth ER?

A

steroid synthesis

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16
Q

What happens in the rough ER?

A

protein synthesis (ribosomes)

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17
Q

What happens in the golgi apparatus?

A

process and package macromolecules

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18
Q

What happens in the lysosomes?

A

digestion (the cell’s garbage disposal system)

19
Q

What are the four tissues found in the body?

A

epithelium, muscle, nerve, connective tissue

20
Q

What is the main function of epithelium in the body?

A

line the cavities and surfaces of structures

21
Q

What lies beneath epithelium tissue?

A

basement membrane

22
Q

What tissue does epithelium lie on top of (other than base membrane)?

A

connective tissue

23
Q

What are the 7 main features of epithelia?

A

highly cellular
almost always avascular
nerve innervation for sensation
rapid cell turnover
basement membrane
junctional complex
polarized

24
Q

what is a tight junction complex?

A

impermeable cells that seal neighboring cells together

25
Q

what is a gap junction complex?

A

allows passage of small molecules

26
Q

what is a desmosome?

A

joins intermediate filaments in one cell to those in the neighbor cell

27
Q

what is an adhering junction complex?

A

joins actin bundle in one cell to a bundle in the neighbor cell

28
Q

Where is the apical domain of the epithelia?

A

directed toward the exterior (superior) surface

29
Q

Where is the lateral domain of the epithelia?

A

contacts and communicates with adjacent cells

30
Q

Where is the basal domain of the epithelia?

A

rests on the basement membrane anchoring the cell to the underlying connective tissue

31
Q

What are the five functions of epithetlia?

A

protect
transport
secretion
absorption
sensation

32
Q

What are the two ways to classify epithelium?

A

number of layers, shape of top layer of cells

33
Q

What is simple epithelium?

A

one cell layer thick

34
Q

What is stratified epithelium?

A

multilayered

35
Q

What is pseudostratified epithelium?

A

simple columnar epithelial sells where the nuclei appear at different heights, making it look multilayered but it is actually only one layer thick

36
Q

What is squamous epithelium?

A

appear to have thin, flat plates

37
Q

What is cuboidal epithelium?

A

cubed shape, square in cross section

38
Q

What is columnar epithelium?

A

elongated and column-shaped

39
Q

What is transitional epithelium?

A

specialized that allows for stretch, top layer appears dome-like

40
Q

what is keratizined epithelium?

A

the most apical layer of cells (dead, lost nucleus and cytoplasm)

41
Q

What is the purpose of cilia?

A

move material along cell surface

42
Q

What is the importance of microvilli?

A

increase surface area

43
Q
A

Anatomy Kate (4 decks)

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