Back/Thorax Anatomy Exam I Review

Question 1

where is the exit for the spinal nerve in the thoracic vertebrate?

Answer 1

inferior notch on the pedicle

Question 2

what kind of joint is a superior and inferior articular joint?

Answer 2

facet joint

Question 3

if one of your ribs is attaching to the transverse process of TV4, what vertebrate would the head of the rib be touching?

Answer 3

inferior body of TV3 and superior body of TV4

Question 4

what is the primary action of the articulation of the atlas and axis?

Answer 4

head rotation

Question 5

what is the primary action of the articulation of the atlas and the skull?

Answer 5

head extension

Question 6

what is he most common type of disc herniation, and in what region of the spine?

Answer 6

posterior lateral herniation in the lumbar region of the spine

Question 7

what resides in the dorsal root ganglion of the lumbar spine?

Answer 7

sensory cell bodies

Question 8

where do the cell bodies residing in the dorsal root ganglion derive from?

Answer 8

neural crest

Question 9

what are the only two things that a ventral ramus NOT innervate?

Answer 9

intrinsic back muscles
the skin external to them

Question 10

what is a section of the spinal cord that is giving rise to a spinal nerve called?

Answer 10

spinal segment

Question 11

how many spinal segment pairs are there total, as well as in each segment of the spinal cord?

Answer 11

31 pairs total
8 cervical pairs
12 thoracic pairs
5 lumbar pairs
5 sacral pairs
1 coccygeal pair

Question 12

what resides in the dorsal horn of the gray matter?

Answer 12

sensory neurons

Question 13

what kinds of nerve fibers are present in the spinal nerve?

Answer 13

sympathetic and somatic sensory and motor neurons

Question 14

what kinds of nerve fibers are present in the ventrolateral horn of the gray matter?

Answer 14

preganglionic sympathetic motor neurons

Question 15

if there is a ventrolateral horn present, which segments of the spine do we have to be between?

Answer 15

T1 - L2

Question 16

what is the purpose of a white rami communican and where it is present?

Answer 16

input of motor neurons to the sympathetic chain
T1 - L2

Question 17

what is the purpose of a gray rami communican and where it is present?

Answer 17

output to the body throughout the full length of the spinal cord (base of skull down to the coccyx)

Question 18

why do we have a limited amount of white rami communicans?

Answer 18

they have less things to innervate and supply (only sympathetic motor pass through here)

Question 19

what are the two extensions of the pia mater and explain what each of them do

Answer 19

denticulate ligaments (22 pairs) to stabilize the spinal cord, project into the subarachnoid space
filum terminale extends through the cauda equina to stabilize the spinal cord, extends to become the coccygeal ligament

Question 20

what is located within the subarachnoid space?

Answer 20

major spinal arteries, denticulate ligaments and CSF

Question 21

what two structures make up the neural arch?

Answer 21

pedicles and lamina

Question 22

what is the neural arch the top of?

Answer 22

intervertebral foramina

Question 23

where does the spinal nerve of a cervical vertebrate exit?

Answer 23

above the body of the same number vertebrate

Question 24

where does spinal nerve C8 exit

Answer 24

beneath CV7, above TV1

Question 25

where do spinal nerve of the thoracic and lumbar regions exit?

Answer 25

beneath the same numbered vertebrate

Question 26

what is the lumbar cistern?

Answer 26

space between end of the cord and the end of the dura

Question 27

where is the end of the dura, subarachnoid space, and the arachnoid?

Answer 27

SV2

Question 28

what is within the lumbar cistern?

Answer 28

filum terminale and cauda equina

Question 29

what segments are the sacral parasympathetics in?

Answer 29

S2-4

Question 30

what segments are the cervical parasympathetics in (specific numbers)?