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CV I > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

(94 cards)

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1
Q

what is the structure of a capillary in CV system

A

single layer of simple squamous epithelium (endothelium) surrounded by basement membrane

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2
Q

What is the main distinguishing feature of a blood capillary vs lymphatics

A

uniform vessel diameter

8mm

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3
Q

What is the method of most the interchange at a capillary

A

simple diffusion

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4
Q

what controls rate of capillary transport

A

blood and colloid osmotic pressures

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5
Q

How are high MW molecules transported across capillaries

A

active transport via pinocytosis

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6
Q

How do WBCs and lymphocytes cross capillaries

A

diapedesis

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7
Q

how are the simple squamous cells forming capillaries held together

A

tight junctions

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8
Q

What are some glands with fenestrated capillaries

A

endocrine glands, renal gomerulus, intestinal villi pores

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9
Q

in fenestrated capillaries what are the pores closed by

A

diaphragm that is thinner than unit membrane

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10
Q

What are majority of the support cells for capillaries

A

pericytes, mesenchymal-like cells

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11
Q

In injury repair what can the support cells of capillaries do

A

transform to vascular smooth muscle and also can augment BM production

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12
Q

Where do you find discontinuous capillaries

A

sinusoids

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13
Q

How do sinusoids differ from tru capillaries

A

discontinuous endothelium, discontinuous BM, larger than capillaries- up to 30mm

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14
Q

What organs contain sinusoidal capillaries

A

liver, spleen, bone marrow

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15
Q

where are capillaries continuous

A

hypophysis and adrenal glands

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16
Q

what are the 3 layers of blood vessels

A

tunica intima, tunica media, tunica adventitia

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17
Q

What are the layers within tunica intima

A

endothelium, BM, subbendothelial CT, inner elastic lamina

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18
Q

What are they layers within tunica media

A

smooth mm and CT and external elastic lamina

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19
Q

What are the layers of tunica adventitia

A

dense CT and fibroblasts

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20
Q

What are the 3 general categories of arteries

A

arterioles, medium sized (muscular aa) and large (elastic) aa

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21
Q

What is the most prominent tunic in all aa

A

tunica media

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22
Q

what are other layers that are sometimes visible in arteries

A

inner and external elastic laminae

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23
Q

What is the diameter of an arteriole

A

0.05 - 0.5mm

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24
Q

What are the layers of an arteriole from thickest to thinnest

A

tunica media
tunica adventitia
tunica intima

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25
how many layers of smooth m are in the arteriole tunica media
1-5
26
What is the function of tunica media in arterioles
control blood flow and regulates blood pressure
27
what is the diameter of a muscular/medium artery
0.5mm - 1cm
28
What is the most prominent part of tunica intima in a medium artery
the inner elastic lamina
29
how many layers of smooth muscle are in the tunica media of medium arteries
5-40 layers
30
Why is there so much smooth muscle in the muscular arteries
maintain pressure
31
what is the diameter of large elastic arteries
1 - 2.5 cm
32
describe tunica intima in elastic aa
polygonal endothelial cells with thick CT and small inner elastic lamina
33
describe tunica media in elastic aa
alot of elastic fibers
34
what is the purpose of the elastic fibers in elastic aa
retains shape during pressure. diminishes pulsatile delivery to peripheral vessels
35
over distention of tunica intima and media is prevented by what in elastic aa
the tunica adventitia
36
how are the collagen bundles oriented in the tunica adventitia of elastic aa
spiral longitudinally around vessel
37
What is vasa vasorum
small nutrient aa supplying walls of larger aa
38
what type of nerve fibers terminate on arterial smooth mm
ANS
39
What are the sensory receptors of the arterial system
Carotid body and sinus
40
What is the carotid body
mass of epithelioid cells and verve endings found at bifurcation of common carotid
41
what does the carotid body do
stimulates respiration in response to lowered blood O2
42
What is the carotid sinus
dilatation of internal carotid artery with specialized nerve endings
43
what does the carotid sinus do
sensitive to blood pressure change
44
what are the types of venules
post-capillary or pericytic | and muscular
45
What layer is most prominent in veins
tunica adventitia
46
what makes up the tunica media in veins
mainly collagen, little sm muscle or elastic fibers
47
What makes up tunica adventitia
smooth m and fibrous CT longitudinal and spirally oriented
48
What size veins have valves
medium sized
49
what are valves made of
invaginations tunica intima
50
the free edges of valves face in what direction
direction of blood flow
51
where are valves usually found in veins
lower limbs because low blood pressure
52
Describe the tunica intima of a venule
endothelium and BM
53
describe the tunica media of a venule
1-3 smooth mm layers | scattered elastic fibers
54
describe the tunica adventitia of a venule
thickest part of a venule wall, primarily longitudinal collagen bundles
55
describe tunica intima of a medium vein
endothelial cells are polygonal small amount of subendothelial CT longitudinal/spiral smooth m fibers IEL is diffuse
56
describe tunica media of a medium vein
thin, smooth muscle is in spiral bundles, separated by collagen
57
describe tunica adventitia of a medium vein
collagen and elastic fibers predominate
58
Describe overall structure of a large vein like vena cava
thick tunica adventitia- longitudinal and smooth muscle. very thing media and thin intima
59
What are usually large in cross sections: aa or vv
veins
60
What is unique of cardiac skeletal m
beat rhythmically without external stimuli
61
how many nuclei are in cardiac m
binucleate and centrally located
62
how big are cardiac mm
50-100mm in length | 15-20mm diameter
63
how are cardiac m cells joined together
fascia adherens- intercalated discs that are rich in gap junctions
64
what are the 3 layers of heart tissue
endocardium, myocardium and epicardium
65
what happens to damaged cardiac tissue
replaced by fibrous CT
66
What makes up the endocardium
endothelium and BM as well as subendothelial CT and sub endocardial CT
67
what is the role of subendocardial CT
bing endocardium to myocardium
68
Where are the purkinge fibers in the heart
in the subendocardial CT area
69
what are the purkinje fiber layer rich in
glycogen
70
Where is the SA node
junction of sup vena cava and right atrium
71
what inn stimulates myocardial activity and what inhibits it?
stimulated by sympathetic and inhibited by vagal parasympathetic
72
What separates cardiac muscle bundles
CT networks made of collagen elastic fibers and reticular fibers
73
What runs throughout the CT network of cardiac m bundles
capillaries and nerves
74
What is another name for visceral part of pericardial sac
the epicardium
75
what lines the epicardium
mesothelium
76
what makes up the epicardium
think layer CT which carries aa and vv
77
what does the loose CT of the epicardium connect
serous mesothelium to myocardium
78
how do you distinguish endocardium from epicardium
epicardium has fat to protect vessels
79
How does the epicardium appear compared to myocardium in a general stain
epicardium white because adipose and myocardium has big red spots
80
Where are the fibrous rings found in heart
valves
81
what makes up the fibrous rings in heart
dense fibrous CT, collagen and elastic fibers
82
What are fibrous trigones
thickened areas of dense fibrous CT between R and L AV canals and aortic valve
83
What forms the membranous part of AV septum
fibrous trigone
84
what are the heart valves tissue wise
evaginations of endocardium into AV canals
85
What tissue is in the core of heart valves
subendothelium and eubendocardium
86
At what pressure difference do electrolytes pass from blood to extracellular space
when hydrostatic pressure of blood exceeds osmotic pressure of interstitium- Arterial side of capillary
87
describe the pressure at the venous terminus of capillary
osmotic pressure of interstitial exceeds hydrostatic pressure of blood
88
what is greater. exchange at arterial side of capillary or resorption at venous side?
exchange so excess is lymph
89
What type of vessel do lymphatics resemble
veins because tunica media is mainly CT
90
describe lymph capillary
continuous endothelium with thin wall, irregular lumen, many many valves and incomplete basal lamina, no junctional elements
91
how to lymph capillaries originate
blind-ending vessels
92
what is the difference of lymph valves when compared to venous valves
the core is exclusively collagen III
93
what are the differences between large lymphatics and large veins
thinner walls, tunics less distinguishable and there are many valves and sinuses
94
what are the differences with the thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct with great veins
thinner walls, more prominent muscle layers and the tunica adventitia is not well developed

CV I (7 decks)

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