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CV I > hemodynamics > Flashcards

hemodynamics Flashcards

1
Q

Which vessel in the body serves as the pressure resorvoir

A

arteries

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2
Q

what vessels are the primary resistance vessels

A

arterioles

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3
Q

Which vessels serve as the blood reservoir?

A

systemic vein

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4
Q

what is the secondary blood reserve in the body

A

the pulmonary circulation

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5
Q

which vessels undersee the biggest pressure drop in blood flow

A

arterioles

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6
Q

Which vessels are responsible for maintaining MAP

A

arteries

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7
Q

what is the driving force for blood flow

A

the MAP

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8
Q

What blood pressure do you obtain auscultating

A

systolic and diastolic

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9
Q

What blood pressure do you obtain by palpating

A

just systolic

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10
Q

How do you calculate MAP at rest

A

diastolic BP + 1/3(SBP-DBP)

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11
Q

What is the pulse pressure

A

difference between diastolic and systolic

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12
Q

Where is the greatest pressure of arteries when laying supine

A

at the aorta

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13
Q

where is the greatest pressure of arteries when standing

A

dorsalis pedis

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14
Q

What vessels have the greatest cross sectional area

A

the capillaries

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15
Q

What is Fick’s principle

A

CO= oxygen consumption
_______________________
A- V O2 difference

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16
Q

Is blood flow velocity directly or indirectly related to the cross sectional area of a vessel

A

indirect

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17
Q

what is a noninvasive measure of blood flow velocity

A

doppler ultrasound

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18
Q

easy calculation for flow velocity

A

Flowvelocity= CO/Cross sectional area

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19
Q

What concept explains how the same volume passes through each segment of vasculature per minute

A

the blood flow velocity. allows rapid delivery and exchange

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20
Q

how does laminar flow sound compared to turbulent

A

laminar is silent

turbulent sounds like murmurs

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21
Q

Increased Reynolds number suggests what

A

increased turbulence

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22
Q

What can cause an abnormal increase in velocity of a vessel

A

sudden decrease in diameter like atherosclerosis or cardiac valve lesions

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23
Q

what causes increased turbulence

A

increased velocity
increased diameter
decreased viscosity (anemia)

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24
Q

If you decrease a vessles radius by half how does that affect velocity

A

increases 4 fold

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25
Q

what is the formula for vessel compliance

A

C= change volume over change of pressure

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26
Q

What will have the greater pulse pressure, a compliant arteryr or a stiff artery

A

stiff artery

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27
Q

Why does pulse pressure increase with age

A

lose compliance of vessels

28
Q

What is the concept behind LaPlace’s law

A

explains how tiny walled capillaries can withstand pressure because of tiny radius

29
Q

Which vessel in the body has the greatest wall tension

A

the aorta because greatest pressure and radius

30
Q

damage to elastic fibers in a vessel can lead to what clinically

A

aneurysm

31
Q

if the radius of a vessel surpasses the LaPlace equilibrium what could happen

A

increase wall tension to burst

32
Q

How do we calculate CO

A

MAP/TPR

33
Q

TPR is the resistance where

A

sytemic

34
Q

What law is CO formula based on

A

ohms law I=V/R

35
Q

if pressure at one end is 90mmHg and at the other 10mmHg what is the flow

A

80mmHg because it is the change in pressure

36
Q

Does the body supply all vessels at once

A

no because it depends on local metabolic demands in organs

37
Q

how is flow distribution regulated

A

resistance

38
Q

Adding resistance in a series affects overall resistance how

A

increases it

39
Q

adding resistance in parallel affects overall resistance how

A

decreases it

40
Q

How does obesity arrange the vessels and what are its affects on TPR?

A

parallel. So decreases TPR which causes CO to increase to keep MAP constant

41
Q

How does changin radius affect resistance and flow

A

increase radius decrease resistance increas flow

42
Q

Blood flow is directly proportional to what

A

pressure gradient and the vessel radius to the 4th power

43
Q

blood flow is inversely proportional to what

A

vessel length and blood viscosity

44
Q

What are anemia and polycythemia’s affects on flow, and how?

A

anemia decreases viscosity so increase flow

polycythemia increases viscosity so decrease flow

45
Q

If you increase radius by 2X its normal how does resistnace change? flow?

A

resistance is decreased 1/16 and flow increased 16 times

46
Q

What are the intrinsic controls of arteriolar radius

A

local metabolic changes in O2 and CO2

47
Q

what are the extrinsic controls of arteriolar radius

A

sympathetic activity(vasoconstriction)

48
Q

What are the 2 major extrinsic controler types for blood pressure regulation

A

neural and endocrine

49
Q

Describe the neural control/regulation of blood pressure

A

sympathetic influence on smooth m.
vasoconstriction- alpha 1 R and norepi
vasodilation- beta2 R and epi

50
Q

What tissues are mainly regulated by extrinsic factors

A

cutaneous circulation and skel m at rest

51
Q

How does endocrine have affect on vessel pressure

A

vasoactive endocrine and paracrine compunds are released into blood near vascular smooth m and change the radius

52
Q

What are the 5 main endocrine componds that change MAP

A 
Epi
histamine
Angiotensin II
antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)
atrial natriuretic peptide
53
Q

what is the effect of epinephrine on sm mm in vessels

A

vasoconstriction via alpha 1 R and vasodilation via Beta2

54
Q

what is the effect of histamine on sm mm in vessels

A

arteriolar vasodilation, venoconstriction

55
Q

What is the effect of angiontensin II on sm mm in vessels

A

vasoconstiction, blood loss and reduction or renal BP via renin

56
Q

What is the effect of antidiuretic hormone/vasopressin on sm mm in vessels

A

vasoconstriction

57
Q

in what clinical scenario is vasopressin released alot in body

A

hemorrhagic shock

58
Q

what is the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on arterial sm mm

A

vasodilation in myocytes

59
Q

what is the most powerful natural diuretic

A

atrial natriuretic peptide because it dec BP

60
Q

What two ligands cause sympathteic vasoconstriction via alpha 1 R

A

norepi and epi

61
Q

Describe orthostatic hypotension

A

mechanism of extrinsic control to TPR is impaired

62
Q

Intrinsic control: Is flow dependent or independent of blood pressure

A

independent

63
Q

Intrinsic control: is flow dependent or indeendent of nervous reflexes

A

independent

64
Q

What tissues are mainly regulated by intrinsic controls

A

cerebral, coronary, skel m in exercise and renal circulation

65
Q

What is active hyperemia vs reactive

A

active is like when exersiing, the blood flow to tissue is proportional to metabolism
reactive is if there is an occlusion, flow following inclusion will be greater if time occluded increases

66
Q

decreased pO2 and increasedpCO2 will cause what in sm arterial m

A

vasodilation

CV I (7 decks)

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