Histology Flashcards
Name all kinds of epithelial tissue
Simple Squamous; Simple Cuboidal; Simple Columnar; Respiratory; Stratified Squamous; Transitional
Name all kinds of connective tissue
Loose; Dense Irregular; Dense Regular; Adipose; Cartilage; Bone; Blood
Name all kinds of muscle tissue
Skeletal; Cardiac; Smooth
Name the 4 main type of tissues
Epithelial; Connective; Nervous; Muscle
Basement Membrane
non-cellular layer that adheres to epithelial cells
Basal Surface
edge of the cell touching basement membrane
Apical Surface
free surface exposed to outside or to open space
Define epithelial cells
composed mostly of cells with little matrix; classified according to the shape of the cells and the number of layers present; covers or lines parts of the body or is found in glandular tissue
Stratified
only one layer touches basement membrane and one layer touches free space
Simple
cells in a single layer, all cells touch basement membrane and free space
Simple Squamous Epithelium Function
Diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction
Simple Squamous Epithelium Locations
lining of blood vessels and the heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli, portions of the kidney tubules, pericardial
Simple Squamous Epithelium Structure
single layer of flat, often hexagonal cells; the nuclei appear as bumps when viewed in cross section because the cells are so flat
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Structure
single layer of cube-shaped cells; some cells have microvilli or cillia
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Function
secretion and absorption by cells of the kidney tubules; secretion by cells of glands and choroid plexuses; movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by cilliated cells
Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Location
kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, choroid plexuses of the brain, lining of terminal bronchioles of the lungs, and surfaces of the ovaries
Simple Columnar Epithelium Structure
single layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia or microvilli
Simple Columnar Epithelium Function
movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells; partially responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubes by ciliated cells; secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach, and the intestines; absorption by cells of the intestines
Simple Columnar Epithelium Location
glands and some ducts, bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, and ventricles of the brain
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Structure
single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do not; the nuclei of these cells are at different levels and appear stratified; the cells are almost always ciliated and are associated with goblet cells that secrete mucus onto the free surface
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Function
synthesize and secrete mucus onto the free surface and move mucus that contains foreign particles over the surface of the free surface and from passages
Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Location
lining of nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of lungs
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Structure
several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface; the epithelium can be nonkeratinized or keratinized
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Structure
the surface cells retain a nucleus and cytoplasm (nonkeratinized = moist)
Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Structure
cytoplasm of cells at the surface is replaced by a protein called keratin and the cells are dead
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Function
protects against abrasion, forms a barrier against infection, and reduces loss of water from the body
Stratified Squamous Epithelium Location
keratinized - outer layer of the skin; nonkeratinized - mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, and corneas
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Structure
multiple layers of somewhat cube-shaped cells
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Function
secretion, absorption, protection against infection
Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium Location
sweat gland ducts, ovarian follicular cells, salivary gland ducts
Stratified Columnar Epithelium Structure
multiple layers of cells with tall, thin cells resting on layers of more cube-shaped cells; the cells are cillated in the larynx
Stratified Columnar Epithelium Function
protection, secretion
Stratified Columnar Epithelium Location
mammary gland ducts, larynx, a portion of the male urethra
Transitional Epithelium Structure
stratified cells that appear cuboidal when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid
Transitional Epithelium Function
accommodates fluctuations in the volume of fluid in an organ or a tube; protects against the caustic effects of urine
Transitional Epithelium Location
lining of urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra
Skeletal Muscle
long, threadlike cells called muscle fibers; striations - alternating light and dark bands
Cardiac Muscle
calls called myocytes or cariocytes; striated; cardiac myocytes are joined together at junctions called intercalated discs
Smooth Muscle
lacks striation; cells called myocytes
