Histology

Question 1

4 Major Tissues

Answer 1

1) Epithelial
2) CT
3) Muscle
4) Nervous

Question 2

Epithelial Characteristics and Functions

Answer 2

Characteristics

1) Free Surface
2) Basement Membrane
3) Avascular
4) Little space between cells

Functions

1) Protection
2) Secretion
3) Permeability

Question 3

What are the two ways epithelia is classified?

Answer 3

1) Layers of cells (Simple vs. Strata)

2) Shapes of cells
- Squamous
- Cuboidal
- Columnar

Question 4

Stratified Epithelia Subtypes

Answer 4

1) Pseudostratified
2) Transitional Epithelia
3) Glandular Epithelium

Question 5

What are the differences between Pseudostratified, Transitional, and Glandular Epithelia?

Answer 5

Pseudostratified
- Looks like multiples layer of cells, but only one layer of cells on the basement membrane

Transitional
- Cell size changes when stretched

Glandular
- Secretion

Question 6

What are the subtypes and their differences in glandular epithelia?

Answer 6

Exocrine
- Secretion onto a body surface or cavity
- Unicellular
= Secretes Mucus
- Multicellular
= Secretory and duct cells that connect to body surface or cavity

Endocrine
- Secretes products into blood

Question 7

What are cell junctions and their examples?

Answer 7

Points of contact between adjacent cells.

1) Gap Junctions
- Open channels through adjacent cells, connecting their cytoplasm
- Allow small molecules to pass and allows tissue to work as units

2) Anchoring Junctions
- Proteins that fasten cells to each other and/or to extracellular material

3) Tight Junctions
- Ring-like seal around cells
- 6 pack beer

Question 8

Connective Tissue Characteristics

Answer 8

Supports and connects tissues.

Cells are far apart and separated by extracellular matrix.

Question 9

CT cell types?

Answer 9

-blast cells
= Build matrix

-clast cells
= Destroy matrix

-cyte cells
= Maintain matrix

Question 10

What are the main components of an Extracellular Matrix

Answer 10

1) Fibers
- Collagen (Strength)
- Elastic (Stretching)
- Reticular (Forms networks)

2) Ground substance
- Large organic molecules

3) Water

Question 11

CT Classifications?

Answer 11

Proper

Cartilage

Bone

Blood

Question 12

CT Proper Subtypes?

Answer 12

Loose

• Areolar
• Adipose

Dense

• Irregular
• Regular

Question 13

CT Areolar Characteristics?

Answer 13

Loose collagen and elastic fibers surrounded by ground substance.

Highly Vascular

Question 14

CT Adipose Characteristics?

Answer 14

Large cells that store fat and have very little matrix

Highly Vascular

Question 15

CT cartilage cells and its characteristics?

Answer 15

Cells = Chrondroblasts/cytes

Matrix

• Collagen fibers
• Chondroitin Sulphate and Hyaluronic Acid
• Water

Avascular

Question 16

CT Bone characteristics?

Answer 16

Osteocytes/blasts/clasts

Matrix

• Collagen Fibers
• Hydroxyapatite (Ca + Phosphate Salts) and other organic components

Highly Vascular

Question 16

CT Bone characteristics?

Answer 16

Osteocytes/blasts/clasts

Matrix

• Collagen Fibers
• Hydroxyapatite (Ca + Phosphate Salts) and other organic components

Highly Vascular

Question 17

CT Blood cells and its characteristics?

Answer 17

Cells = RBC + WBC

Matrix
- Plasma

Question 18

CT Blood cells and its characteristics?

Answer 18

Cells = RBC + WBC

Matrix
- Plasma

Question 19

Muscle Tissue subtypes?

Answer 19

Smooth (Non-Striated)
Skeletal (Striated)
Cardiac (Striated)

Question 20

Nervous subtypes?

Answer 20

Glial Cells
- Protects and supports neurons

Neurons
- Send electric impulses

Question 21

What are the differences between irregular and regular CT?

Answer 21

Collagen fibers run in different directions in irregular CT

Collagen fibers run in the same directions in regular CT.