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Anatomy > Histology > Flashcards

Histology Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of epithelial tissue

A

Absorption, secretion, filtration, sensory reception, protection and excretion

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2
Q

Classes of connective tissue

A

Bone, blood, cartilage and connective tissue proper

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3
Q

Fibres in connective tissue

A

Reticular, collagen and elastic

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4
Q

Epithelium of the skin

A

Epidermis

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5
Q

Forms of epithelial tissue

A

Glandular and lining/covering

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6
Q

4 basic types of tissue

A

Muscle, nervous, connective and epithelium

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7
Q

Epithelial tissue is vascular (true/false)

A

False

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8
Q

Epithelial tissue is innervated (true/false)

A

True

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9
Q

Connective tissue consists of (very generally)

A

Ground substance, fibres and cells

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10
Q

Name of epithelia with a single cell layer

A

Simple

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11
Q

Name of epithelia with multiple cell layers

A

Stratified

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12
Q

Immature form of connective tissue cells

A
  • blast (e.g. fibroblast; chondroblast)
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13
Q

Mature form of connective tissue cells

A
  • cyte (e.g. fibrocyte; chondrocyte)
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14
Q

Short, fine fibres that form delicate networks that surround small blood vessels and support the soft tissue of organs

A

Reticular fibres

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15
Q

Long, thin fibres that are able to stretch to snap connective tissue to its normal shape

A

Elastic fibres

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16
Q

Tough fibres with high tensile strength

A

Collagen fibres

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17
Q

Common embryonic tissue from which all mature connective tissue arises

A

Mesenchyme

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18
Q

Subclasses of connective tissue proper

A

Loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue

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19
Q

Cells found in connective tissue proper

A

Fibroblasts, fibrocytes, defence cells and adipocytes

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20
Q

Cells found in cartilage

A

Chondroblasts (in growing cartilage) and chondrocytes (mature cartilage cells)

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21
Q

Subclasses of cartilage

A

Hyaline, fibrous and elastic

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22
Q

Subclasses of bone

A

Compact (cortical) and spongy (cancellous/trabecular)

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23
Q

Cells found in bone

A

Osteoblasts and osteocytes

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24
Q

Cells found in blood

A

Red blood cells, white blood cells and platlets

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25
Q

Describe the extracellular matrix (fibres and ground substance) of connective tissue proper

A

Gel-like ground substance

All 3 fibres (resists tension)

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26
Q

Describe the extracellular matrix (fibres and ground substance) of cartilage

A

Gel-like ground substance (large amounts of water to resist compression)
Collagen fibres and elastic fibres in some

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27
Q

Describe the extracellular matrix (fibres and ground substance) of bone

A

Gel-like ground substance that is calcified (hard tissue that resists tension and compression)
Collagen fibres

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28
Q

Describe the extracellular matrix (fibres and ground substance) of blood

A

Ground substance = plasma (fluid tissue)

No fibres

29
Q

Subclasses of loose connective tissue

A

Areolar, adipose and reticular

30
Q

Subclasses of dense (fibrous) connective tissue

A

Regular, irregular and elastic

31
Q

Characteristics of loose connective tissue

A

Supports epithelial tissue
Open maze structure
Fills the spaces between organs

32
Q

Cells found in loose connective tissue - areolar

A

Fibroblasts +
Macrophages +
Mast cells -

33
Q

What are mast cells?

A

Cells that detect foreign microorganisms and initiate local inflammatory response

34
Q

What are adipocytes?

A

Cells which store energy as fat

35
Q

What are macrophages?

A

Cells that engulf and dispose of foreign materials

36
Q

Describe areolar connective tissue

A

Loose arrangement of fibres
Wraps and cushions organs (under epithelia)
Contains large quantities of water and salts (tissue fluid)
Viscous ground substance
Important role in inflammation

37
Q

Describe adipose connective tissue

A 
Sparse matrix
Closely packed adipocytes
Fuel source
Insulation
Under subcutaneous tissue, in breasts and around kidneys, eyeballs and abdomen
38
Q

Describe reticular connective tissue

A

Loose network of reticular fibres
Contains reticular cells (fibroblasts)
Supports many free blood cells
Found in lymphoid organs (lymph nods, bone marrow and spleen)

39
Q

Loose connective tissue is vascular (true/false)

A

True

40
Q

Loose connective tissue is innervated (true/false)

A

True

41
Q

What are fibroblasts and fibrocytes?

A

Cells that secrete matrix proteins

42
Q

Where is dense regular connective tissue found?

A

Tendons, ligaments and aponeuroses

43
Q

Where is dense irregular connective tissue found?

A

Fibrous joint and organ capsules

Dermis (skin)

44
Q

Flat, sheet-like tendons that connect attach muscles to other muscles or to bones

A

Aponeuroses

45
Q

Bind bones to bones

A

Ligaments (more elastic fibres than tendons)

46
Q

Dense connective tissue that contains closely packed bundles of collagen fibres that run parallel to the direction of pull

A

Dense regular connective tissue

47
Q

Dense connective tissue that contains closely packed bundles of collagen fibres that run in all directions

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

48
Q

The bundles of collagen fibres in dense regular connective tissue are thicker than those in dense irregular connective tissue (true/false)

A

False (dense irregular = thicker)

49
Q

The bundles of collagen fibres in dense regular connective tissue are thicker than those in dense irregular connective tissue (true/false)

A

False (dense irregular = thicker)

50
Q

What is elastic connective tissue?

A

The dense regular connective tissue found in certain ligaments that are very elastic (e.g. ligaments connecting adjacent vertebrae and in walls of large arteries)

51
Q

Cartilage is avascular (true/false)

A

True

52
Q

Cartilage is innervated (true/false)

A

False

53
Q

Cavities where small groups of chondrocytes are found in cartilage

A

Lacunae

54
Q

Actively growing regions near the ends of long bones consisting of hyaline cartilage

A

Epiphyseal plates

55
Q

Cartilage found in the external ear and epiglottis

A

Elastic

56
Q

Cartilage that connects rib 1 to the sternum

A

Hyaline

57
Q

Cartilage found in the tip of the nose and covering joint surfaces

A

Hyaline

58
Q

Cartilage making up intervertebral discs

A

Fibrocartilage

59
Q

Cartilage making up symphysis

A

Fibrocartilage

60
Q

Cartilage making up a meniscus

A

Fibrocartilage

61
Q

The matrix of fibrocartilage is less firm than in hyaline cartilage (true/false)

A

True

62
Q

Describe the matrix of bone

A

Collagen fibres with calcified salts in layers

63
Q

Layer of connective tissue that covers most bones

A

Periosteum (inner + outer layer)

64
Q

Small channels in bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone

A

Volkmann’s canal (run into Haversian canal)

65
Q

Central channel containing nerves and blood vessels that supply a bone

A

Haversian canal

66
Q

Central cavity of bone shafts where red bone marrow and/or yellow bone marrow (adipose tissue) is stored

A

Medullary cavity

67
Q

Spongy bone contains

A

Trabeculae

68
Q

The layer of vascular connective tissue lining the medullary cavities of bone

A

Endosteum

Anatomy (5 decks)

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