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Anatomy > General arthrology > Flashcards

General arthrology Flashcards

1
Q

Functional (based on movement allowed) classes of joints

A

Synarthroses, amphiarthroses and diarthroses

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2
Q

Immovable joints

A

Synarthroses

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3
Q

Slightly moveable joints

A

Amphiarthroses

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4
Q

Freely moveable joints

A

Diarthroses

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5
Q

Common types of joints of the axial skeleton

A

Synarthroses and amphiarthroses

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6
Q

Structural (based on materials binding the bones) classes of joints

A

Fibrous (collagen), cartilaginous and synovial (joint cavity)

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7
Q

Types of fibrous joints

A

Sutures, syndesmoses and gomphoses

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8
Q

Types of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses and symphyses

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9
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

Plane, pivot, hinge, elipsoid (condyloid), saddle and ball and socket

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10
Q

Joint between skull bones

A

Sutures (type of fibrous joint)

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11
Q

Bones united by a ligament

A

Syndesmosis (type of fibrous joint)

e.g. distal joint between tibia and fibula

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12
Q

Joint between tooth and jaw

A

Gomphosis (type of fibrous joint)

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13
Q

Bones united by hyaline cartilage

A

Synchondroses

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14
Q

Bones united by fibrocartilage

A

Symphyses

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15
Q

Epiphyseal plate and joint between first rib and sternum are examples of what type of joint?

A

Synchondroses (type of cartilagenous joint)

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16
Q

Joint between intervertebral discs, ribs 2 -10 and symphysis

A

Symphyses (type of cartilagenous joint)

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17
Q

Synchondroses are immovable joints (true/false)

A

True

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18
Q

Articular cartilage is avascular (true/false)

A

True

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19
Q

Articular cartilage is innervated (true/false)

A

False

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20
Q

Which fibres make up the fibrous layer of the articular capsule?

A

Collagen and elastic

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21
Q

Which tissue is the synovial membrane made of?

A

Loose connective tissue

22
Q

Which tissue is the fibrous layer made of?

A

Dense irregular connective tissue

23
Q

Are most nerves found in the synovial membrane or the fibrous layer of the articular capsule?

A

Fibrous layer of the articular capsule

24
Q

What are the main functions of synovial fluid?

A

Lubrication and nutrition of articular cartilage

25
Q

Term for abnormally high volumes of synovial fluid

A

Hydrops

26
Q

Are most blood vessels found in the synovial membrane or the fibrous layer of the articular capsule?

A

Synovial membrane

27
Q

Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membrane and containing synovial fluid

A

Bursae

28
Q

Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon subjected to friction

A

Tendon sheath

29
Q

Are synchondroses mobile/slightly moveable/immobile?

A

Immobile (synarthrotic)

30
Q

Are symphyses mobile/slightly moveable/immobile?

A

Slightly mobile (amphiarthrotic)

31
Q

Are sutures mobile/slightly moveable/immobile?

A

Immobile (synarthrotic)

Short fibres

32
Q

Are syndesmoses mobile/slightly moveable/immobile?

A

Slightly moveable (amphiarthrotic) and immobile (synarthrotic)

33
Q

3 factors that influence the stability of synovial joints

A

Shape of articulating surfaces, number & positioning of ligaments and muscle tone (keeps tendons of the joint under tension)

34
Q

Ligaments contain nerves that sense stretch and pain (true/false)

A

True

35
Q

Which synovial joint(s) allow(s) uniaxial movement?

A

Hinge and pivot

36
Q

Which synovial joint(s) allow(s) biaxial movement?

A

Saddle and ellipsoid (condyloid)

37
Q

Which synovial joint(s) allow(s) multiaxial movement?

A

Ball and socket joint

38
Q

Which synovial joint(s) allow(s) nonaxial movement (gliding)?

A

Plane joint

39
Q

Name the movements that can be made at a hinge joint

A

Flexion and extension

40
Q

Name the movement that can be made at a pivot joitn

A

Rotation

41
Q

Name the movements that can be made at a saddle joint

A

Flexion & extension and adduction & abduction

42
Q

Name the movements that can be made at an ellipsoid (condyloid) joint

A

Flexion & extension and adduction & abduction

Circumduction

43
Q

Name the movements that can be made at a ball and socket joint

A

Flexion & extension, adduction & abduction and rotation

Circumduction

44
Q

The joint between vertebrae is an example of what type of joint?

A

Plane

45
Q

The joint between ulna and humerus is an example of what type of joint?

A

Hinge

46
Q

The joint between ulna and radius is an example of what type of joint?

A

Pivot

47
Q

What type of joint is a metacarpophalangeal joint?

A

Ellipsoid (condyloid)

48
Q

The joint at the base of the thumb is an example of what type of joint?

A

Saddle

49
Q

The hip and shoulder joint are examples of what type of joint?

A

Ball and socket

50
Q

Position of a joint in which all ligaments are under maximum tension, joint cavity has its smallest volume and no movement is possible

A

Closed-packed position

51
Q

Position of joint in which there is maximal relaxation of ligaments & joint capsule and maximal volume of the joint cavity

A

Loose-packed position

Anatomy (5 decks)

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