Histo module 2B Flashcards
Major protein in M line A. Myomesin B. creatine kinase C. Both D. None
C
The cytoplasm of a muscle is called
Sarcoplasm
Smooth ER- sarcoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane - sarcolemma
Also called visceral muscle A. Cardiac muscle B. smooth muscle C. Skeletal muscle D. Cardiac and smooth muscle
B
What binds individual muscle cells into a single functional mass
External lamina
individual nerve fibres branching within the muscle to supply a group of muscle fibres
Motor unit
Skeletal muscles are controlled by A. Small motor nerves B. medium motor nerves C. Large motor nerves D. Mixture of small and large motor nerves
C
What do you call muscle fibers that are group together
Fasciculus
Muscle fasciculi are surrounded by A. Endometrium B. perimysium C. Epimysium D. Skin
B
Muscle fiber- endomysium
Whole muscle - epimysium
Tendons develop together with skeletal muscles and join muscles to the periosteum of bones through
Myotendinous junction
External muscle of the eye have A. Small fasciculi, small perimysium B. Small fasciculi, large perimysium C. Large fasciculi, small perimysium D. Large fasciculi, large perimysium
B.
for muscles of gross movement - large fasciculi, small perimysium
This contain the binding site for myosin A. F actin B. G actin C. Troponin D. Tropomyosin
B
The endomysium is composed of
A. Mainly collagen fibers with elastic fiber
B. mainly collagen fiber with reticular fiber
C. Mainly elastic fiber with collagen fiber
D. Mainly reticular fiber with collagen fiber
D
Where is the nuclei of a skeletal muscle seen
Periphery
Satellite cells resemble A. Myoblast B. myotubes C. Pericytes D. Fibroblast
A. Satellite cells are used to regenerate damaged muscle cells
Skeletal muscle nuclei in H&E stain is seen as A. Blue B. red C. Green D. Yellow
A
What is composed of extremely elongated, multinucleate contractile cells bound together by collagenous supporting tissue
Skeletal muscle
Skeletal Muscle fibers which are a result of regeneration will have A. Nuclei at the peripheral B. nuclei at the center C. Nuclei on top D. Nuclei below
B
Layer of the skin composed of single layer of columnar or cuboidal cell
S. basale
Layer of the skin characterized by non nucleated flattened keratinized cell
S. corneum
Embryonic origins of muscles
Mesoderm
Major protein found on Z line
Alpha actinin
True or false. Contraction forces of smooth muscle are SLOW.
True
Layer of the skin composed of polyhedral or slightly flattened cell
S. spinosum
Shape of a skeletal muscle cell
Cylindrical
Hyperplasia is an increase in A. Muscle strength B. muscle fiber C. Muscle contraction D. Muscle weakness
B. usually occurs in SMOOTH muscles
True or false. During contraction, the thick and thin filaments changes their length
False. Neither changes. They slide
Also known as axis cylinder
Axon
Characteristic feature of cardiac muscles
Intercalated disk
Cardiac muscle have _______ compared to skeletal muscle
A. Central nuclei, less dense myofibrils
B. central nuclei, more dense myofibrils
C. Peripheral nuclei, less dense myofibrils
D. Peripheral nuclei, more dense myofibrils
A
repetitive functional subunit of the contractile apparatus
Sarcomere
Layer of the skin composed of flattened polygonal cell undergoing terminal differentiation
S. granulosum
Cardiac muscle have ____ than skeletal muscle
A. Less t tubule, less developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. Less t tubule, more developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. more t tubule, less developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. more t tubule, more developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
C
Major fuel source of cardiac cells
Fatty acids
Arterial cardiac cells contain these hormones that targets cells of the kidneys to bring about sodium and water loss
Atrial natriuretic factor
In smooth muscle, what functions the same as Z discs
Dense bodies,
True or false. Smooth muscle have neuromuscular junctions
False. Instead they have axonal swellings with synaptic vesicles simply lie in close contact with the sarcolemma
Exercise A. Inc muscle, inc fat B. inc muscle, dec fat C. Dec muscle, dec fat D. Dec muscle, inc fat
B
Sex pheromones are produced by
Apocrine sweat glands
Where is eccrine sweat glands most numerous
Sole of the feet
Human epidermis is renewed every
15-30 days
Where can you find Merkel cell
S. basale
bind the cells of stratum basale together in their lateral and upper surfaces
Desmosomes.
Hemidesmosome if bind sa basal membrane
collagenous sheath that binds the fascicles into a single muscle
Epimysium
True or false. 10% of cancers are skin cancer
False. 33.3%
Origin of Merkel cells
Neural crest
Subcutaneous part of the skin is made up of
A. Dense regular connective tissue
B. dense irregular connective tissue
C. Loose connective tissue
C
Formation of this barrier was one of the important evolutionary events that permitted animals to develop on land
Layer of lipid envelope found in s. granulosum
What part of the soma makes the neurotransmitter
Nissl granules
Thickest layer of the epidermal layer
Stratum spinosum
Layer of the skin whose cytoplasm is filled with birefringent filamentous keratin
S. corneum
True or false. Forces necessary for sliding are generated by STRONG interactions in the bridges between actin and myosin
False. Weak
Layer of the skin whose cytoplasm is composed of densely packed keratin
S. lucidum
True or false. Melanocytes form desmosomes with keratinocytes
False. Hemidesmosome with basal lamina but no desmosomes
Layer of the skin where you usually see Langerhans cells
S. spinosum
Layer of the skin, only seen in thick skin
S. lucidum
myoblasts fuse end to end forming elongated multinucleate cells called
Myotubes
What layer can you find melanocytes
S. basale
The degeneration and disappearance of entire melanocytes causes a patchy loss of pigment in the skin disorder is called
Vitiligo
Which part of a neuron has a fish eye appearance
Soma/ perikaryon
Shape of a smooth muscle cell
Fusiform, elongated or cigar shape
Origin of melanin
Neural crest
What do you call the projections of the dermis
Dermal papillae
If epidermis- epidermal peg or ridges
Which part of a nerve cell receives sensory stimuli
Dendrites
Origin of epidermis
Ectoderm
True or false. During embryonic development, the dermal mesenchyme determines the differentiative fate of the overlying epidermis
True
______ are cells that have a contractile role in addition to being able to secrete collagen
Myofibroblast
The ff can be seen in the CNS except A. Oligodendrocyte B. astrocytes C. Neurolemmocytes D. Ependymal cell
C. Peripheral
Inhibits actin myosin interaction A. Trop T B. Trop I C. Trop C D. Myomeresin
B
Is epidermis vascular or avascular
Avascular
Where does epidermis get its nutrients
Fr dermis thru basement membrane
Blistering disorder caused by autoimmune damage to intercellular junctions between keratinocytes
Pemphigus
Spaces between the collagen and elastic fibers are filled with proteoglycans rich in ______
Dermatan sulfate
The ff originates from neural tube except A. Oligodendrocyte B. astrocytes C. Neurolemmocytes D. Ependymal cell
C. Neural crest
Effector nerves to dermal are A. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers B. parasympathetic postganglionic fibers C. Both D. Neither
A
Perimysium is made up of A. Dense regular connective tissue B. dense irregular connective tissue C. Loose connective tissue D. Elastic connective tissue
B
help hold the smooth muscle cells together as a functional unit during the slow,rhythmic contractions of this tissue
Reticulin fiber
Other name of hypodermis
Subcutaneous or superficial fascia
Ruffini corpuscles detect
Pressure
Tactile/ Meissner- light touch
Pacinian- pressure and high frequency vibration
Kraub- low frequency vibration
They synthesize the proteins that make up myofilaments and gradually begin to show cross striations by light microscopy
Myotubes
Determinants of skin color A. Melanin B. Carotene C. Number of blood vessels D. All of the above
D
Sebum production according fate after secretion
Holocrine
True or false. Thick skin has more melanocytes
False. Less
The cytosplasm of a neuron has _____ which makes it basophilic
Nissl granules
True or false. Apocrine sweat gland is innervated by cholinergic nerve ending
False. Adrenergic.
Eccrine- cholinergic
Dynein exhibits A. Anterograde transport B. retrograde transport C. Both D. None
B
Germ cell origin of most neuron cell
Ectoderm.
Microglia- mesoderm
What do you call the unit composed of sebaceous gland, hair follicle and pilierector muscle
Pilosebaceous unit
AKA telodendroglia
Terminal arborization
Part of a dendrite that serves as site of synaptic contact
Gemmules
Genetic content of the neuron cell
Soma
Classification According to structure, what type of neuron are found in special senses
Bipolar
True or false. Satellite cells are found OUTSIDE the sarcolemma
True
True or false, there are satellite cells on all muscle types
False. Wla sa smooth muscle, cardiac
Description of skeletal muscle appearance in the microscope
Conheim’s field
True or false. All muscular covering are composed of dense irregular connective tissue
False. Endomysium are composed of LOOSE connective tissue
When does rigor mortis start
4 hours after death
Cell that makes myelin sheath in CNS
Oligodendrocytes
PNS- Schwann cells
AKA neurolemma
Schwann cell
True or false, in a neuron, there is 1 axon and many dendrites
True
Their function is to establish relationship among neurons
Interneuron
True or false. In the CNS, you can see the soma in the grey matter
True.
White matter- neuronal processes but no cell body
True or false. Included in the perikaryon are the neuronal processes
False,
Special stain to see neuropil
Gold stain
Where can you find the Golgi apparatus in a neuron A. Soma B. Dendrite C. Axon D. All of the above
A.
Glial cells that are epithelial-like cells that line the ventricles and centralcanal
Ependymal cell
Where can you find protoplasmic astrocytes A. White matter B. grey matter C. Both D. None
B
True or false. Ependymal cells are like epithelium. They also have basal lamina
False. They have no basal Lamina
A decrease in the absorption of CSF or a blockage of outflow from the ventricles during fetal or postnatal development results in this condition
Hydrocephalus
Most important function of CHoroid plexus
Remove water from blood and release it as CSF
Myelin sheaths Are rich in A. Carbohydrate B. protein C. Lipid D. Water
C
The following are seen in the Walerian regeneration except
A. Decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia
B. chromatolysis of ER
C. Increase in perikaryon volume
D. Migration of nucleus in the central position
D. In the peripheral
True or false. Axon hillocks are myelinated
False. Unmyelinated
Carries macromolecules from the axon to the soma
A. Anterograde transport
B. retrograde transport
B
True or false. Skeletal muscle have LARGER T tubules compared to cardiac muscle
False. Smaller
Most electron dense A. I band B. A band C. Z line D. M line
C.
True or false Cardiac muscle can regenerate
False.
Skeletal - limited by using satellite cells
Smooth - can
Amino acid precursor of melanin
Tyrosine
Fate of corium
Dermis
True or false. Myofibrils are perpendicular to actin and myosin
False. Parallel. They do not overlap with actin and myosin
Smooth muscles have
A. Thin basal lamina, fine network of collagen
B. thin basal lamina, fine network of elastic fiber
C. Thin basal lamina, fine network of reticular fiber
D. Thick basal lamina, fine network of collagen
C
Basement membrane is composed of _____ and _____
Basal lamina and reticular lamina
True or false. Papillary layer of the skin is composed of dense regular connective tissue
False. Loose connective tissue
Reticular layer - dense irregular connective tissue
Uncapsulated receptors except A. Pacinian corpuscles B. free nerve endings C. Tactile disc D. Root hair plexus
A
What layer of the skin can you find keratohyaline granules
S. granulosum
Disease where there is an increase in the number of proliferating cells in the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum as well as a decrease in the cycle time of these cells
Psoriasis
Multinucleation of skeletal muscle is because of A. Fusion of myoblast B. sliding of actin and myosin C. Mitosis D. Differentiation of mesenchyme
A.
What genetic disorder is characterized by absence of tyrosine activity
Albinism
The junction of epidermis and dermis is called
Papillae
These become dominant during tissue repair to form scar tissue A. Myoepithelial cell B. myofibroblast C. Periblast D. Myosin
B
Muscle cells of all three types are surrounded by a/an ______
External lamina
Extremely eosinophilic layer of the skin that is composed of flattened cells
S. lucidum
Satellite cells are
A. Myoblast that did not differentiate
B. myoblast that die
C. Myoblast that degrade old muscle cells
D. Myoblast that do not become muscle cells
A.
serve as anchoring sites for actin filaments of the terminal sarcomeres of cardiac muscle cells
Fascia adherentes
What part of the connective tissue covering of the muscle contains capillary artery and vein
Endomysium
Lymphatic and nerve vessel - epimysium
What activates myosin light chain kinase
Calmodulin
