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Histology > Histo module 2B > Flashcards

Histo module 2B Flashcards

1
Q 
Major protein in M line 
A. Myomesin
B. creatine kinase
C. Both 
D. None
A

C

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2
Q

The cytoplasm of a muscle is called

A

Sarcoplasm
Smooth ER- sarcoplasmic reticulum
Cell membrane - sarcolemma

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3
Q 
Also called visceral muscle 
A. Cardiac muscle
B. smooth muscle
C. Skeletal muscle 
D. Cardiac and smooth muscle
A

B

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4
Q

What binds individual muscle cells into a single functional mass

A

External lamina

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5
Q

individual nerve fibres branching within the muscle to supply a group of muscle fibres

A

Motor unit

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6
Q 
Skeletal muscles are controlled by 
A. Small motor nerves
B. medium motor nerves
C. Large motor nerves
D. Mixture of small and large motor nerves
A

C

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7
Q

What do you call muscle fibers that are group together

A

Fasciculus

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8
Q 
Muscle fasciculi are surrounded by 
A. Endometrium 
B. perimysium 
C. Epimysium
D. Skin
A

B
Muscle fiber- endomysium
Whole muscle - epimysium

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10
Q

Tendons develop together with skeletal muscles and join muscles to the periosteum of bones through

A

Myotendinous junction

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12
Q 
External muscle of the eye have 
A. Small fasciculi, small perimysium 
B. Small fasciculi, large perimysium
C. Large fasciculi, small perimysium
D. Large fasciculi, large perimysium
A

B.

for muscles of gross movement - large fasciculi, small perimysium

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13
Q 
This contain the binding site for myosin 
A. F actin
B. G actin
C. Troponin
D. Tropomyosin
A

B

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14
Q

The endomysium is composed of
A. Mainly collagen fibers with elastic fiber
B. mainly collagen fiber with reticular fiber
C. Mainly elastic fiber with collagen fiber
D. Mainly reticular fiber with collagen fiber

A

D

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15
Q

Where is the nuclei of a skeletal muscle seen

A

Periphery

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17
Q 
Satellite cells resemble 
A. Myoblast 
B. myotubes 
C. Pericytes
D. Fibroblast
A

A. Satellite cells are used to regenerate damaged muscle cells

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18
Q 
Skeletal muscle nuclei in H&E stain is seen as 
A. Blue 
B. red 
C. Green 
D. Yellow
A

A

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20
Q

What is composed of extremely elongated, multinucleate contractile cells bound together by collagenous supporting tissue

A

Skeletal muscle

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21
Q 
Skeletal Muscle fibers which are a result of regeneration will have 
A. Nuclei at the peripheral 
B. nuclei at the center 
C. Nuclei on top 
D. Nuclei below
A

B

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22
Q

Layer of the skin composed of single layer of columnar or cuboidal cell

A

S. basale

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23
Q

Layer of the skin characterized by non nucleated flattened keratinized cell

A

S. corneum

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24
Q

Embryonic origins of muscles

A

Mesoderm

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25
Q

Major protein found on Z line

A

Alpha actinin

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26
Q

True or false. Contraction forces of smooth muscle are SLOW.

A

True

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28
Q

Layer of the skin composed of polyhedral or slightly flattened cell

A

S. spinosum

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29
Q

Shape of a skeletal muscle cell

A

Cylindrical

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31
Q 
Hyperplasia is an increase in 
A. Muscle strength 
B. muscle fiber 
C. Muscle contraction 
D. Muscle weakness
A

B. usually occurs in SMOOTH muscles

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33
Q

True or false. During contraction, the thick and thin filaments changes their length

A

False. Neither changes. They slide

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35
Q

Also known as axis cylinder

A

Axon

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36
Q

Characteristic feature of cardiac muscles

A

Intercalated disk

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37
Q

Cardiac muscle have _______ compared to skeletal muscle
A. Central nuclei, less dense myofibrils
B. central nuclei, more dense myofibrils
C. Peripheral nuclei, less dense myofibrils
D. Peripheral nuclei, more dense myofibrils

A

A

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38
Q

repetitive functional subunit of the contractile apparatus

A

Sarcomere

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40
Q

Layer of the skin composed of flattened polygonal cell undergoing terminal differentiation

A

S. granulosum

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41
Q

Cardiac muscle have ____ than skeletal muscle
A. Less t tubule, less developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
B. Less t tubule, more developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
C. more t tubule, less developed sarcoplasmic reticulum
D. more t tubule, more developed sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

C

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42
Q

Major fuel source of cardiac cells

A

Fatty acids

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44
Q

Arterial cardiac cells contain these hormones that targets cells of the kidneys to bring about sodium and water loss

A

Atrial natriuretic factor

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46
Q

In smooth muscle, what functions the same as Z discs

A

Dense bodies,

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47
Q

True or false. Smooth muscle have neuromuscular junctions

A

False. Instead they have axonal swellings with synaptic vesicles simply lie in close contact with the sarcolemma

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48
Q 
Exercise 
A. Inc muscle, inc fat 
B. inc muscle, dec fat 
C. Dec muscle, dec fat 
D. Dec muscle, inc fat
A

B

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49
Q

Sex pheromones are produced by

A

Apocrine sweat glands

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50
Q

Where is eccrine sweat glands most numerous

A

Sole of the feet

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51
Q

Human epidermis is renewed every

A

15-30 days

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53
Q

Where can you find Merkel cell

A

S. basale

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55
Q

bind the cells of stratum basale together in their lateral and upper surfaces

A

Desmosomes.

Hemidesmosome if bind sa basal membrane

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56
Q

collagenous sheath that binds the fascicles into a single muscle

A

Epimysium

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57
Q

True or false. 10% of cancers are skin cancer

A

False. 33.3%

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58
Q

Origin of Merkel cells

A

Neural crest

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59
Q

Subcutaneous part of the skin is made up of
A. Dense regular connective tissue
B. dense irregular connective tissue
C. Loose connective tissue

A

C

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60
Q

Formation of this barrier was one of the important evolutionary events that permitted animals to develop on land

A

Layer of lipid envelope found in s. granulosum

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61
Q

What part of the soma makes the neurotransmitter

A

Nissl granules

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62
Q

Thickest layer of the epidermal layer

A

Stratum spinosum

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64
Q

Layer of the skin whose cytoplasm is filled with birefringent filamentous keratin

A

S. corneum

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67
Q

True or false. Forces necessary for sliding are generated by STRONG interactions in the bridges between actin and myosin

A

False. Weak

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69
Q

Layer of the skin whose cytoplasm is composed of densely packed keratin

A

S. lucidum

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70
Q

True or false. Melanocytes form desmosomes with keratinocytes

A

False. Hemidesmosome with basal lamina but no desmosomes

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71
Q

Layer of the skin where you usually see Langerhans cells

A

S. spinosum

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72
Q

Layer of the skin, only seen in thick skin

A

S. lucidum

73
Q

myoblasts fuse end to end forming elongated multinucleate cells called

A

Myotubes

74
Q

What layer can you find melanocytes

A

S. basale

75
Q

The degeneration and disappearance of entire melanocytes causes a patchy loss of pigment in the skin disorder is called

A

Vitiligo

76
Q

Which part of a neuron has a fish eye appearance

A

Soma/ perikaryon

77
Q

Shape of a smooth muscle cell

A

Fusiform, elongated or cigar shape

78
Q

Origin of melanin

A

Neural crest

79
Q

What do you call the projections of the dermis

A

Dermal papillae

If epidermis- epidermal peg or ridges

80
Q

Which part of a nerve cell receives sensory stimuli

A

Dendrites

81
Q

Origin of epidermis

A

Ectoderm

82
Q

True or false. During embryonic development, the dermal mesenchyme determines the differentiative fate of the overlying epidermis

A

True

83
Q

______ are cells that have a contractile role in addition to being able to secrete collagen

A

Myofibroblast

84
Q 
The ff can be seen in the CNS except 
A. Oligodendrocyte 
B. astrocytes
C. Neurolemmocytes
D. Ependymal cell
A

C. Peripheral

85
Q 
Inhibits actin myosin interaction 
A. Trop T
B. Trop I
C. Trop C
D. Myomeresin
A

B

86
Q

Is epidermis vascular or avascular

A

Avascular

87
Q

Where does epidermis get its nutrients

A

Fr dermis thru basement membrane

88
Q

Blistering disorder caused by autoimmune damage to intercellular junctions between keratinocytes

A

Pemphigus

89
Q

Spaces between the collagen and elastic fibers are filled with proteoglycans rich in ______

A

Dermatan sulfate

90
Q 
The ff originates from neural tube except 
A. Oligodendrocyte 
B. astrocytes
C. Neurolemmocytes
D. Ependymal cell
A

C. Neural crest

91
Q 
Effector nerves to dermal are 
A. Sympathetic postganglionic fibers
B. parasympathetic postganglionic fibers
C. Both 
D. Neither
A

A

92
Q 
Perimysium is made up of 
A. Dense regular connective tissue
B. dense irregular connective tissue 
C. Loose connective tissue 
D. Elastic connective tissue
A

B

93
Q

help hold the smooth muscle cells together as a functional unit during the slow,rhythmic contractions of this tissue

A

Reticulin fiber

94
Q

Other name of hypodermis

A

Subcutaneous or superficial fascia

95
Q

Ruffini corpuscles detect

A

Pressure
Tactile/ Meissner- light touch
Pacinian- pressure and high frequency vibration
Kraub- low frequency vibration

96
Q

They synthesize the proteins that make up myofilaments and gradually begin to show cross striations by light microscopy

A

Myotubes

97
Q 
Determinants of skin color
A. Melanin
B. Carotene
C. Number of blood vessels 
D. All of the above
A

D

98
Q

Sebum production according fate after secretion

A

Holocrine

99
Q

True or false. Thick skin has more melanocytes

A

False. Less

100
Q

The cytosplasm of a neuron has _____ which makes it basophilic

A

Nissl granules

101
Q

True or false. Apocrine sweat gland is innervated by cholinergic nerve ending

A

False. Adrenergic.

Eccrine- cholinergic

102
Q 
Dynein exhibits 
A. Anterograde transport
B. retrograde transport
C. Both 
D. None
A

B

103
Q

Germ cell origin of most neuron cell

A

Ectoderm.

Microglia- mesoderm

104
Q

What do you call the unit composed of sebaceous gland, hair follicle and pilierector muscle

A

Pilosebaceous unit

105
Q

AKA telodendroglia

A

Terminal arborization

106
Q

Part of a dendrite that serves as site of synaptic contact

A

Gemmules

107
Q

Genetic content of the neuron cell

A

Soma

110
Q

Classification According to structure, what type of neuron are found in special senses

A

Bipolar

111
Q

True or false. Satellite cells are found OUTSIDE the sarcolemma

A

True

112
Q

True or false, there are satellite cells on all muscle types

A

False. Wla sa smooth muscle, cardiac

113
Q

Description of skeletal muscle appearance in the microscope

A

Conheim’s field

114
Q

True or false. All muscular covering are composed of dense irregular connective tissue

A

False. Endomysium are composed of LOOSE connective tissue

115
Q

When does rigor mortis start

A

4 hours after death

116
Q

Cell that makes myelin sheath in CNS

A

Oligodendrocytes

PNS- Schwann cells

117
Q

AKA neurolemma

A

Schwann cell

118
Q

True or false, in a neuron, there is 1 axon and many dendrites

A

True

121
Q

Their function is to establish relationship among neurons

A

Interneuron

122
Q

True or false. In the CNS, you can see the soma in the grey matter

A

True.

White matter- neuronal processes but no cell body

123
Q

True or false. Included in the perikaryon are the neuronal processes

A

False,

124
Q

Special stain to see neuropil

A

Gold stain

125
Q 
Where can you find the Golgi apparatus in a neuron
A. Soma
B. Dendrite
C. Axon 
D. All of the above
A

A.

126
Q

Glial cells that are epithelial-like cells that line the ventricles and centralcanal

A

Ependymal cell

127
Q 
Where can you find protoplasmic astrocytes
A. White matter 
B. grey matter 
C. Both 
D. None
A

B

128
Q

True or false. Ependymal cells are like epithelium. They also have basal lamina

A

False. They have no basal Lamina

129
Q

A decrease in the absorption of CSF or a blockage of outflow from the ventricles during fetal or postnatal development results in this condition

A

Hydrocephalus

130
Q

Most important function of CHoroid plexus

A

Remove water from blood and release it as CSF

131
Q 
Myelin sheaths Are rich in
A. Carbohydrate 
B. protein
C. Lipid
D. Water
A

C

132
Q

The following are seen in the Walerian regeneration except
A. Decrease in cytoplasmic basophilia
B. chromatolysis of ER
C. Increase in perikaryon volume
D. Migration of nucleus in the central position

A

D. In the peripheral

133
Q

True or false. Axon hillocks are myelinated

A

False. Unmyelinated

134
Q

Carries macromolecules from the axon to the soma
A. Anterograde transport
B. retrograde transport

A

B

137
Q

True or false. Skeletal muscle have LARGER T tubules compared to cardiac muscle

A

False. Smaller

138
Q 
Most electron dense 
A. I band 
B. A band 
C. Z line 
D. M line
A

C.

139
Q

True or false Cardiac muscle can regenerate

A

False.
Skeletal - limited by using satellite cells
Smooth - can

140
Q

Amino acid precursor of melanin

A

Tyrosine

142
Q

Fate of corium

A

Dermis

146
Q

True or false. Myofibrils are perpendicular to actin and myosin

A

False. Parallel. They do not overlap with actin and myosin

149
Q

Smooth muscles have
A. Thin basal lamina, fine network of collagen
B. thin basal lamina, fine network of elastic fiber
C. Thin basal lamina, fine network of reticular fiber
D. Thick basal lamina, fine network of collagen

A

C

152
Q

Basement membrane is composed of _____ and _____

A

Basal lamina and reticular lamina

153
Q

True or false. Papillary layer of the skin is composed of dense regular connective tissue

A

False. Loose connective tissue

Reticular layer - dense irregular connective tissue

159
Q 
Uncapsulated receptors except 
A. Pacinian corpuscles
B. free nerve endings
C. Tactile disc
D. Root hair plexus
A

A

160
Q

What layer of the skin can you find keratohyaline granules

A

S. granulosum

162
Q

Disease where there is an increase in the number of proliferating cells in the stratum basale and the stratum spinosum as well as a decrease in the cycle time of these cells

A

Psoriasis

164
Q 
Multinucleation of skeletal muscle is because of 
A. Fusion of myoblast 
B. sliding of actin and myosin 
C. Mitosis 
D. Differentiation of mesenchyme
A

A.

166
Q

What genetic disorder is characterized by absence of tyrosine activity

A

Albinism

174
Q

The junction of epidermis and dermis is called

A

Papillae

175
Q 
These become dominant during tissue repair to form scar tissue 
A. Myoepithelial cell
B. myofibroblast
C. Periblast
D. Myosin
A

B

181
Q

Muscle cells of all three types are surrounded by a/an ______

A

External lamina

187
Q

Extremely eosinophilic layer of the skin that is composed of flattened cells

A

S. lucidum

190
Q

Satellite cells are
A. Myoblast that did not differentiate
B. myoblast that die
C. Myoblast that degrade old muscle cells
D. Myoblast that do not become muscle cells

A

A.

210
Q

serve as anchoring sites for actin filaments of the terminal sarcomeres of cardiac muscle cells

A

Fascia adherentes

211
Q

What part of the connective tissue covering of the muscle contains capillary artery and vein

A

Endomysium

Lymphatic and nerve vessel - epimysium

212
Q

What activates myosin light chain kinase

A

Calmodulin

Histology (7 decks)

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