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Histology > Histo module 2A > Flashcards

Histo module 2A Flashcards

2
Q

True or false. Males have higher percentage of adipose tissues than women

A

False .
Male 15-20%
Female 20-25%

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3
Q

True or false. Stereocilia are actually very long villi

A

True

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4
Q

True or false. In all cells, the stroma is made up of connective tissues

A

False.. Brain and spinal cord are not

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5
Q

True or false. Epithelium shows polarity

A

True

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6
Q

True or false. Everything that enters and leaves the body must pass through epithelial sheet.

A

True. Epithelium lines internal and external cavities of the body

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7
Q

True or false. The gap junction is part of the junctional complex

A

False. Junctional complex comprises of zonula occludens, zonula adherens and macula adherens

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8
Q

The region of the cell that faces the connective tissue is called the

A

Basal pole.The opposite is the apical pole ( faces space)

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9
Q

What part of the junctional complex is similar with the intercalated disk of the cardiac muscles

A

Macula adherens

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10
Q

True or false. All epithelial cells are followed by a basement membrane

A

True

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11
Q

Principal phagocytosing cell of the connective tissue

A

Macrophage

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12
Q

Basal lamina is made up of type _____ collagen

A

IV

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13
Q

True or false, dense CT have more fibers than loose CT

A

True. Dense CT- more fiber …less cell

Loose CT- less fiber… More cell

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14
Q

Reticular fibers are made up of type ____ collagen

A

III

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15
Q

True or false. Hemidesmosome is part of the lateral basal epithelial surface

A

False. Part of the basal epithelial membrane

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16
Q

This cartilage is an intermediate between hyaline and dense connective tissue

A

Fibrocartilage

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17
Q 
Resident connective tissue cell except
A. Plasma cells	
B. fibroblast	
C. Adipose cell	
D. Mast cell
A

A. Plasma cell
Fixed cells - fibroblast, pericytes, fixed macrophage, mast cells
Transient cells- eosinophil, basophil, macrophage, lymphocyte, plasma cell

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18
Q

Basement membrane is thinner than basal lamina

A

False. Basement membrane is composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina, therefore thicker

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19
Q

Transmembrane protein receptor of hemidesmosome

A

Intergrins

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20
Q 
Sites of adhesion	
A. Occluding junction	
B. anchoring junction	
C. Gap junction	
D. Adhesive junction	
E. two of the above
A

E. anchoring junction is also the adhesive junction

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21
Q

Autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies against hemidesmosomes

A

Bollous pemphigoid

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22
Q

cytoskeletal feature at the apical pole in many epithelial cells with a role in cytoplasmic motility and other functions

A

Terminal web

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23
Q

They are similar to centrioles

A

Basal body

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24
Q 
Seals to prevent the flow of materials between the cells
A. Occluding junction	
B. adhesion junction	
C. Gap junction	
D. Adhesive junction
A

A

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25
Q

Complex mixture of GAG, proteiglycans and glycoproteins

A

Ground substance

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26
Q 
Most apical of the junction
A. Zonula occludens	
B. zonula adherens.	
C.Macula adherens	
D. Desmosomes
A

A

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27
Q

True or false. Ground substance function as lubricant

A

True

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28
Q 
Serve to stabilize and strengthen the circular bands around the cells and help hold the layer of cells together
A. Tight junction	
B. adhesive junction	
C. Gap junction	
D. Basal lamina
A

B

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29
Q

True or false. Dense connective tissues are more abundant than loose CT.

A

False, loose CT more abundant

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30
Q

transmembrane proteins which make tight contact across the intercellular space, creating a seal

A

Claudin

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31
Q

True or false. Reticular fibers have lower carbohydrate content than other fibers

A

False, they have higher content

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32
Q

True or false. Zonula occludens only forms a seal on one side of the epithelium

A

False

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33
Q

True or false. Epithelium are vascular

A

False. They are avascular. They get their nutrition thru diffusion from the basal membrane

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34
Q 
help prevent the integral membrane proteins of the apical surface from being transferred to the basolateral surfac
A. Zonula occludens	
B. zonula adherens	
C.Macula adherens	
D. Desmosomes
A

A

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35
Q

Epithelium : basement membrane = cartilage : _____

A

Perichondrium

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36
Q

Adhesion is mediated by transmembrane glycoproteins

A

Cadherins

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37
Q

True or false. Elastin can easily destroyed by pepsin

A

False. It is extremely hard to denature. Needs elastase

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38
Q

this junctional type resembles a single “spot-weld” and does not form a belt around the cell

A

Desmosome or macula adherens

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39
Q

True or false. Fibroblast cannot undergo mitosis

A

False. They seldom undergo mitosis but they can like in wound healing

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40
Q

Zonula adherens: actin filaments = Macula adherens : ______

A

Intermediate filament

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41
Q

Un calcified bone matrix

A

Osteoid

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42
Q

True or false. Mucous secretory glands stain more intensely than serous glands

A

False

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43
Q

True or false. All connective tissue cells are from messenchyme

A

False.. Think of lymphocytes, macrophage from hematopoietic stem cell

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44
Q

True or false. Every cartilage has perichondrium

A

False.. Fibrocartilage has no perichondrium

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45
Q

True or false. Extracellar matrix is composed of ground substance and fibers

A

True

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46
Q

Cadherins need what ion to function.

A

Calcium ions

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47
Q 
Connexons is composed of \_\_\_ subunits
A. 4	
B. 5	
C. 6	
D.7
A

C

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48
Q

specialized form of connective tissue in which the firm consistency of the ECM allows the tissue to bear mechanical stresses without permanent distortion

A

Cartilage

49
Q

An elastic protein that connects adjacent doublet micro tubule and helps maintain shape of the cilia

A

Nexin

50
Q

Binds periosteum to bone

A

Sharpey’s fiber / perforAting fiber

51
Q 
Parotid gland is a	
A. Mecrocrine	
B. autocrine	
C. Paracrine	
D. I don't know
A

A

52
Q

True or false. Stereocilla are longer than microvilli?

A

True.. Flagella > cilia> stereo cilia > microvilli

53
Q 
Color of brown adipose tissue is due to
A. Increase mitochondria	
B. increase Golgi apparatus
C. Increase rough ER	
D. Increase nucleus
A

A

54
Q

Basal bodies has a structure similar to what organelle

A

Centriole

55
Q

Micro villi are found in the
A. Basal pole
B. apical pole
C. Lateral membrane

A

B. facing the space

56
Q

Stain to see fat cells

A

Osmium tetroxide

57
Q

True or false. Fresh cartilage have bluish color

A

False.
Hyaline - bluish
Elastic - yellow

58
Q

Monocyte like bone cells

A

Osteoclasts

59
Q

Arrange the ff steps in intramembranous ossification
1 osteoid undergoes calcification
2 lamellar bone replaces woven bone
3 ossification center formed within thickened regions of mesenchyme
4 woven bone and surrounding periosteum form

A

3 142

60
Q

Describe the arrangement of the cilia

A

10 pairs of axomene

61
Q

True or false. Endosteum is thinner than periosteum

A

True

62
Q

In heavy cigarette smokers, the ciliated pseudo-stratified epithelium lining the bronchi can be transformed into ______

A

stratified squamous epithelium

63
Q

Types of covering epithelia

  1. Lining of trachea
  2. Lining of small intestine
  3. covering of the ovary
  4. Epidermis
  5. Lining of blood vessels
  6. Developing ovarian follicle
  7. Mouth
  8. Sweat gland
  9. Conjunctiva
  10. Lining of Gallbladder
  11. Bladder
  12. Lining of the passages of upper respiratory tract
A
  1. Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
  2. Simple columnar
  3. Simple cuboidal
  4. Keratinized stratified squamous
  5. Simple squamous
  6. Stratified cuboidal
  7. Non keratinized strAtified squamous
  8. Stratified cuboidal
  9. Stratified columnar
  10. Simple squamous
  11. Transitional
  12. Pseudo stratified columnar
64
Q

Primary bone: woven bone = secondary bone : _________

A

Lamellar bone

65
Q

this layer of connective tissue lines the internal cavity of organs

A

Lamina propia

66
Q

Neurotransmitter to stimulate the breakdown of fat

A

Norepinephrine ( beta 3 receptor)

67
Q 
Mast cells promote \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ type of allergic reaction.
A. Delayed	
B. Immediate	
C. Severe	
D. Common
A

B

68
Q

True or false. All hyaline cartilage is covered by a layer of dense connective tissue

A

False, articulate joint is not

69
Q

True or False. Osteoclasts have receptor for parathyroid hormone

A

False. Osteoclasts have receptors for calcitonin, thyroid hormone.
Osteoblasts activity is stimulated by parathyroid hormone

70
Q

True or false. Fibrocartilage has more type I collagen than type II

A

True. Elastin and hyaline more type II

71
Q 
Co factor in the formation of prolyl hydroxylases and Lysyl hydroxylases except	
A. Oxygen
B. Vitamin C	
C. Ferrous ion	
D. Manganese
A

D

72
Q

True or false. Chrondrocytes are usually found in the center while chondroblast are found it the periphery.

A

True

73
Q

Growth of cartilage postnatally, is mainly
A. Interstitial growth
B,Apositional growth
C. Both of them

A

B

74
Q

First visible step in calcification

A

Formation of hydroxyapatite

75
Q

Osteogenesis wherein the matrix of preexisting hyaline cartilage is eroded and replaced by osteoblasts producing osteoid

A

Endochondral ossification

76
Q

Sequence of intramembranous ossification
a. Groups of mesenchymal cells in a “membrane” or sheet of this embryonic tissue, round up and differentiate as osteoblasts producing osteoid.
B. Cells trapped in the calcifying matrix differentiate as osteocytes.
c. Woven bone is produced in this manner, with vascularized internal spaces that will form the marrow cavity and surrounded on both sides by developing periosteum.
d. Remodeling of the woven bone produces the two layers of compact lamellar bone with cancellous bone in between, which is characteristic of these flat bones

A

A bcd

77
Q

Joints classified as ________ permit free bone movement

A

diarthroses

78
Q

True or false. Insulin promote triglyceride breakdown

A

False.

79
Q

Ear is a ________ cartilage

A

Elastic

80
Q

Fibroblast : active cell = fibrocyte : _______

A

Quiescent cell

81
Q

True or false. Elastin fibers are thinner than collagen fibers.

A

True

82
Q 
Main cell type involved in repair
A. Fibroblast	
B. cartilage	
C. Bone	
D. Fat cells
A

A. Fibroblast

83
Q 
Where are dendritic cells located?
A. Blood	
B. Lymph nodes	
C. Colon	
D. Tissues
A

B

84
Q

True or false. Osteoblasts activity is inhibited by parathyroid hormone

A

False. Stimulated

85
Q

True or false. Reticular fibers are made up of collagen

A

True

86
Q

Most abundant protein in the body

A

Collagen

87
Q

True or false. Langerhans cells are examples of macrophage.

A

True

88
Q

Embryonic origin of connective tissues

A

Mesenchymal cells

89
Q

Principal cells of connective tissues

A

Fibroblast

90
Q

This cell has a cartwheel” or “spokewheel” appearance of nucleus

A

Plasma cell

91
Q

When collagen is denatured by boiling, it yields ______

A

Gelatin

92
Q

Collagen type ___ is seen in fetal membrane

A

V

93
Q

______ is a local swelling caused by abnormal amounts of collagen that form in scars of the skin

A

Keloid

94
Q

Optical microscopy of type ____ collagen shows thick, highly picrosirius, birefringent, non aygrophillic fibers

A

Type I
Type II - loose aggregates
Type 3 - thin, weakly birefringent, aygrophillic

95
Q 
In older adults, \_\_\_\_\_\_ unite the skull bones, while in children it is united by \_\_\_\_\_\_	
A. Sutures, collagen	
B. Synostoses, dense collagen tissue
C. Cartilage, joints	
D. Elastic fibers, reticular fiber
A

B

96
Q

unilocular adipocyte appears in standard microscope preparations as a thin ring of cytoplasm surrounding the empty vacuole left by the dissolved lipid droplet called

A

Signet ring cell

97
Q

In individuals with chronic vitamin A deficiency, epithelial tissues of the type found in the bronchi and urinary bladder are gradually replaced by ____________

A

stratified squamous epithelium

98
Q

Apical pole Specialization seen in the ff:

  1. Small intestine
  2. Epididymis
  3. Trachea
  4. Fallopian tube
  5. Spermatozoa
A
  1. Microvilli
  2. Stereo cilia
  3. Cilia
  4. Cilia
  5. Spermatozoa
99
Q 
The following can accelerate synthesis of sulfated GAG except
A. Growth hormone	
B. Cortisone	
C. Thyroxine	
D. Testosterone
A

B
Accelerate - growth hormone, testosterone, thyroxin
Retard - cortisone, hydrocortisone, estradiol

100
Q

Other name of Haversian system

A

Osteon

101
Q

Other name of perforating canal

A

Volkmann canal

102
Q

Most common cartilage

A

Hyaline

103
Q

complex of microvilli and glycocalyx is easily seen in the light microscope is called _______

A

Brush or striated border

104
Q 
Where does gap junctions occur?
A. Basal pole	
B. apical pole	
C. Lateral membranes	
D. Any of the above
A

C

105
Q

Integrins are receptor sites for the extracellular macromolecules laminin and ______.

A

Type IV collagen

106
Q

True or false. The number of these sealing strands or fusion sites is directly correlated with the leakiness of the epithelium

A

False. Inversely

107
Q

Major constituent of connective tissue

A

Extra cellular matrix

108
Q

Primary criterion for determining epithelial cell

A

Shape of the nucleus

109
Q

True or false: Epithelial cells have blood vessels

A

False. Avascular

110
Q

Basement membrane has what type of collagen?

A

Type IV

111
Q

Hair-like structures found in conducting tubes of respiratory, uterine tubes and uterus

A

Cilia

112
Q

Finger-like strictures found in the small intestine and PCT of kidneys

A

Microvilli

113
Q

Stereocilia are non-motile. They can be found in ________ and __________.

A

Epididymis and vas deferens

114
Q

Describe the nuclei found on the epithelium of alveolar, kidney and endothelium.

A

Flattened

115
Q

Type of epithelium seen on respiratory passages, male uro-genital tracts and female excretory ducts

A

Pseudostratified

116
Q

Transitional epithelium:Basal - _________Intermediate - __________Surface - __________

A

Basal - cuboidal
Intermediate - polygonal
Surface - rounded or flat

117
Q

Specialized to synthesize and secrete a specific product (CHO, CHON)

A

Glandular epithelium

118
Q

Mucus-secreting epithelial cell

A

Goblet cell

Histology (7 decks)

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