Histo module 2A Flashcards
2
Q
True or false. Males have higher percentage of adipose tissues than women
A
False .
Male 15-20%
Female 20-25%
3
Q
True or false. Stereocilia are actually very long villi
A
True
4
Q
True or false. In all cells, the stroma is made up of connective tissues
A
False.. Brain and spinal cord are not
5
Q
True or false. Epithelium shows polarity
A
True
6
Q
True or false. Everything that enters and leaves the body must pass through epithelial sheet.
A
True. Epithelium lines internal and external cavities of the body
7
Q
True or false. The gap junction is part of the junctional complex
A
False. Junctional complex comprises of zonula occludens, zonula adherens and macula adherens
8
Q
The region of the cell that faces the connective tissue is called the
A
Basal pole.The opposite is the apical pole ( faces space)
9
Q
What part of the junctional complex is similar with the intercalated disk of the cardiac muscles
A
Macula adherens
10
Q
True or false. All epithelial cells are followed by a basement membrane
A
True
11
Q
Principal phagocytosing cell of the connective tissue
A
Macrophage
12
Q
Basal lamina is made up of type _____ collagen
A
IV
13
Q
True or false, dense CT have more fibers than loose CT
A
True. Dense CT- more fiber …less cell
Loose CT- less fiber… More cell
14
Q
Reticular fibers are made up of type ____ collagen
A
III
15
Q
True or false. Hemidesmosome is part of the lateral basal epithelial surface
A
False. Part of the basal epithelial membrane
16
Q
This cartilage is an intermediate between hyaline and dense connective tissue
A
Fibrocartilage
17
Q
Resident connective tissue cell except A. Plasma cells B. fibroblast C. Adipose cell D. Mast cell
A
A. Plasma cell
Fixed cells - fibroblast, pericytes, fixed macrophage, mast cells
Transient cells- eosinophil, basophil, macrophage, lymphocyte, plasma cell
18
Q
Basement membrane is thinner than basal lamina
A
False. Basement membrane is composed of basal lamina and reticular lamina, therefore thicker
19
Q
Transmembrane protein receptor of hemidesmosome
A
Intergrins
20
Q
Sites of adhesion A. Occluding junction B. anchoring junction C. Gap junction D. Adhesive junction E. two of the above
A
E. anchoring junction is also the adhesive junction
21
Q
Autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies against hemidesmosomes
A
Bollous pemphigoid
22
Q
cytoskeletal feature at the apical pole in many epithelial cells with a role in cytoplasmic motility and other functions
A
Terminal web
23
Q
They are similar to centrioles
A
Basal body
24
Q
Seals to prevent the flow of materials between the cells A. Occluding junction B. adhesion junction C. Gap junction D. Adhesive junction
A
A
25
Q
Complex mixture of GAG, proteiglycans and glycoproteins
A
Ground substance
26
```
Most apical of the junction
A. Zonula occludens
B. zonula adherens.
C.Macula adherens
D. Desmosomes
```
A
27
True or false. Ground substance function as lubricant
True
28
```
Serve to stabilize and strengthen the circular bands around the cells and help hold the layer of cells together
A. Tight junction
B. adhesive junction
C. Gap junction
D. Basal lamina
```
B
29
True or false. Dense connective tissues are more abundant than loose CT.
False, loose CT more abundant
30
transmembrane proteins which make tight contact across the intercellular space, creating a seal
Claudin
31
True or false. Reticular fibers have lower carbohydrate content than other fibers
False, they have higher content
32
True or false. Zonula occludens only forms a seal on one side of the epithelium
False
33
True or false. Epithelium are vascular
False. They are avascular. They get their nutrition thru diffusion from the basal membrane
34
```
help prevent the integral membrane proteins of the apical surface from being transferred to the basolateral surfac
A. Zonula occludens
B. zonula adherens
C.Macula adherens
D. Desmosomes
```
A
35
Epithelium : basement membrane = cartilage : _____
Perichondrium
36
Adhesion is mediated by transmembrane glycoproteins
Cadherins
37
True or false. Elastin can easily destroyed by pepsin
False. It is extremely hard to denature. Needs elastase
38
this junctional type resembles a single "spot-weld" and does not form a belt around the cell
Desmosome or macula adherens
39
True or false. Fibroblast cannot undergo mitosis
False. They seldom undergo mitosis but they can like in wound healing
40
Zonula adherens: actin filaments = Macula adherens : ______
Intermediate filament
41
Un calcified bone matrix
Osteoid
42
True or false. Mucous secretory glands stain more intensely than serous glands
False
43
True or false. All connective tissue cells are from messenchyme
False.. Think of lymphocytes, macrophage from hematopoietic stem cell
44
True or false. Every cartilage has perichondrium
False.. Fibrocartilage has no perichondrium
45
True or false. Extracellar matrix is composed of ground substance and fibers
True
46
Cadherins need what ion to function.
Calcium ions
47
```
Connexons is composed of ___ subunits
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D.7
```
C
48
specialized form of connective tissue in which the firm consistency of the ECM allows the tissue to bear mechanical stresses without permanent distortion
Cartilage
49
An elastic protein that connects adjacent doublet micro tubule and helps maintain shape of the cilia
Nexin
50
Binds periosteum to bone
Sharpey's fiber / perforAting fiber
51
```
Parotid gland is a
A. Mecrocrine
B. autocrine
C. Paracrine
D. I don't know
```
A
52
True or false. Stereocilla are longer than microvilli?
True.. Flagella > cilia> stereo cilia > microvilli
53
```
Color of brown adipose tissue is due to
A. Increase mitochondria
B. increase Golgi apparatus
C. Increase rough ER
D. Increase nucleus
```
A
54
Basal bodies has a structure similar to what organelle
Centriole
55
Micro villi are found in the
A. Basal pole
B. apical pole
C. Lateral membrane
B. facing the space
56
Stain to see fat cells
Osmium tetroxide
57
True or false. Fresh cartilage have bluish color
False.
Hyaline - bluish
Elastic - yellow
58
Monocyte like bone cells
Osteoclasts
59
Arrange the ff steps in intramembranous ossification
1 osteoid undergoes calcification
2 lamellar bone replaces woven bone
3 ossification center formed within thickened regions of mesenchyme
4 woven bone and surrounding periosteum form
3 142
60
Describe the arrangement of the cilia
10 pairs of axomene
61
True or false. Endosteum is thinner than periosteum
True
62
In heavy cigarette smokers, the ciliated pseudo-stratified epithelium lining the bronchi can be transformed into ______
stratified squamous epithelium
63
Types of covering epithelia
1. Lining of trachea
2. Lining of small intestine
3. covering of the ovary
4. Epidermis
5. Lining of blood vessels
6. Developing ovarian follicle
7. Mouth
8. Sweat gland
9. Conjunctiva
10. Lining of Gallbladder
11. Bladder
12. Lining of the passages of upper respiratory tract
1. Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
2. Simple columnar
3. Simple cuboidal
4. Keratinized stratified squamous
5. Simple squamous
6. Stratified cuboidal
7. Non keratinized strAtified squamous
8. Stratified cuboidal
9. Stratified columnar
10. Simple squamous
11. Transitional
12. Pseudo stratified columnar
64
Primary bone: woven bone = secondary bone : _________
Lamellar bone
65
this layer of connective tissue lines the internal cavity of organs
Lamina propia
66
Neurotransmitter to stimulate the breakdown of fat
Norepinephrine ( beta 3 receptor)
67
```
Mast cells promote ________ type of allergic reaction.
A. Delayed
B. Immediate
C. Severe
D. Common
```
B
68
True or false. All hyaline cartilage is covered by a layer of dense connective tissue
False, articulate joint is not
69
True or False. Osteoclasts have receptor for parathyroid hormone
False. Osteoclasts have receptors for calcitonin, thyroid hormone.
Osteoblasts activity is stimulated by parathyroid hormone
70
True or false. Fibrocartilage has more type I collagen than type II
True. Elastin and hyaline more type II
71
```
Co factor in the formation of prolyl hydroxylases and Lysyl hydroxylases except
A. Oxygen
B. Vitamin C
C. Ferrous ion
D. Manganese
```
D
72
True or false. Chrondrocytes are usually found in the center while chondroblast are found it the periphery.
True
73
Growth of cartilage postnatally, is mainly
A. Interstitial growth
B,Apositional growth
C. Both of them
B
74
First visible step in calcification
Formation of hydroxyapatite
75
Osteogenesis wherein the matrix of preexisting hyaline cartilage is eroded and replaced by osteoblasts producing osteoid
Endochondral ossification
76
Sequence of intramembranous ossification
a. Groups of mesenchymal cells in a "membrane" or sheet of this embryonic tissue, round up and differentiate as osteoblasts producing osteoid.
B. Cells trapped in the calcifying matrix differentiate as osteocytes.
c. Woven bone is produced in this manner, with vascularized internal spaces that will form the marrow cavity and surrounded on both sides by developing periosteum.
d. Remodeling of the woven bone produces the two layers of compact lamellar bone with cancellous bone in between, which is characteristic of these flat bones
A bcd
77
Joints classified as ________ permit free bone movement
diarthroses
78
True or false. Insulin promote triglyceride breakdown
False.
79
Ear is a ________ cartilage
Elastic
80
Fibroblast : active cell = fibrocyte : _______
Quiescent cell
81
True or false. Elastin fibers are thinner than collagen fibers.
True
82
```
Main cell type involved in repair
A. Fibroblast
B. cartilage
C. Bone
D. Fat cells
```
A. Fibroblast
83
```
Where are dendritic cells located?
A. Blood
B. Lymph nodes
C. Colon
D. Tissues
```
B
84
True or false. Osteoblasts activity is inhibited by parathyroid hormone
False. Stimulated
85
True or false. Reticular fibers are made up of collagen
True
86
Most abundant protein in the body
Collagen
87
True or false. Langerhans cells are examples of macrophage.
True
88
Embryonic origin of connective tissues
Mesenchymal cells
89
Principal cells of connective tissues
Fibroblast
90
This cell has a cartwheel” or “spokewheel” appearance of nucleus
Plasma cell
91
When collagen is denatured by boiling, it yields ______
Gelatin
92
Collagen type ___ is seen in fetal membrane
V
93
______ is a local swelling caused by abnormal amounts of collagen that form in scars of the skin
Keloid
94
Optical microscopy of type ____ collagen shows thick, highly picrosirius, birefringent, non aygrophillic fibers
Type I
Type II - loose aggregates
Type 3 - thin, weakly birefringent, aygrophillic
95
```
In older adults, ______ unite the skull bones, while in children it is united by ______
A. Sutures, collagen
B. Synostoses, dense collagen tissue
C. Cartilage, joints
D. Elastic fibers, reticular fiber
```
B
96
unilocular adipocyte appears in standard microscope preparations as a thin ring of cytoplasm surrounding the empty vacuole left by the dissolved lipid droplet called
Signet ring cell
97
In individuals with chronic vitamin A deficiency, epithelial tissues of the type found in the bronchi and urinary bladder are gradually replaced by ____________
stratified squamous epithelium
98
Apical pole Specialization seen in the ff:
1. Small intestine
2. Epididymis
3. Trachea
4. Fallopian tube
5. Spermatozoa
1. Microvilli
2. Stereo cilia
3. Cilia
4. Cilia
5. Spermatozoa
99
```
The following can accelerate synthesis of sulfated GAG except
A. Growth hormone
B. Cortisone
C. Thyroxine
D. Testosterone
```
B
Accelerate - growth hormone, testosterone, thyroxin
Retard - cortisone, hydrocortisone, estradiol
100
Other name of Haversian system
Osteon
101
Other name of perforating canal
Volkmann canal
102
Most common cartilage
Hyaline
103
complex of microvilli and glycocalyx is easily seen in the light microscope is called _______
Brush or striated border
104
```
Where does gap junctions occur?
A. Basal pole
B. apical pole
C. Lateral membranes
D. Any of the above
```
C
105
Integrins are receptor sites for the extracellular macromolecules laminin and ______.
Type IV collagen
106
True or false. The number of these sealing strands or fusion sites is directly correlated with the leakiness of the epithelium
False. Inversely
107
Major constituent of connective tissue
Extra cellular matrix
108
Primary criterion for determining epithelial cell
Shape of the nucleus
109
True or false: Epithelial cells have blood vessels
False. Avascular
110
Basement membrane has what type of collagen?
Type IV
111
Hair-like structures found in conducting tubes of respiratory, uterine tubes and uterus
Cilia
112
Finger-like strictures found in the small intestine and PCT of kidneys
Microvilli
113
Stereocilia are non-motile. They can be found in ________ and __________.
Epididymis and vas deferens
114
Describe the nuclei found on the epithelium of alveolar, kidney and endothelium.
Flattened
115
Type of epithelium seen on respiratory passages, male uro-genital tracts and female excretory ducts
Pseudostratified
116
Transitional epithelium:Basal - _________Intermediate - __________Surface - __________
Basal - cuboidal
Intermediate - polygonal
Surface - rounded or flat
117
Specialized to synthesize and secrete a specific product (CHO, CHON)
Glandular epithelium
118
Mucus-secreting epithelial cell
Goblet cell
