Histo

Question 1

Main difference between Proximal tubule and distal tubule?

Answer 1

Proximal there is a brush border which makes it look like there are cobwebs in the lumen. In the distal, the lumen is mostly clear and there are more clear cell boundaries.

Question 2

What is this: Looks like a long tube with perfectly ordered simple columnar or cuboidal epithelia

Answer 2

Collecting duct

Question 3

What things are Mae out of “transitional epithelium”? And what is transitional epithelium?

Answer 3

Minor calyx –> urethra

Multiple layers with the top one being columnar or cuboidal.

Question 4

Which organ has a star shaped lumen? What else is unique about it?

Answer 4

Ureter

• has 2 muscle layers
• has transitional epithelium

Question 5

What in the renal/urinary system has 3 muscle layers? What else is unique about it?

Answer 5

Bladder

• outer longitudinal, middle circular, inner longitudinal
• there will not be an image that can get the whole urinary bladder in it so you will only be able to see certain pieces of it.

Question 6

Which organ has a U shaped epithelium? What else is unique about it?

Answer 6

Female urethra

• transitional epithelium
• 2 muscle layers - inner longitudinal, outer circular

Question 7

What is the other name for the anterior pituitary/ posterior pituitary?

Answer 7

Anterior - adenohypophysis

Posterior - neurohypophysis

Question 8

What are the three cell capes in the AP?

Answer 8

Acidophilic, basophilic, chromophobes

Question 9

What is found in each of the 3 types of cells in the AP? What do they look like?

Answer 9

Acidophilic - GH, Prolactin - pinkish
Basophilic - FSH, LH, ACTH, TSH - darker than Acidophilic
Chromophobes - clear

Question 10

What are the two cell types in the PP? What do they do? What do they look like?

Answer 10

pituicytes - - dark small staining

Herring bodies - oxytocin and vasopressin - clear and rounder

Question 11

From outside to inside, what are the Layers of the adren gland?

Answer 11

Capsule – > Zena glomerulosa –> Zena fisciculata –> Zena reticularis –> medulla

Question 12

What are the distinguishing Features of The one glomerulosa??

Answer 12

Clusters of clearish/pinkish cells

Question 13

What is the distinguishing characteristic of Zona fisciculata?

Answer 13

They are clearish long “cords”

Question 14

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the Zona reticularis?

Answer 14

Irregular network of branching cords separated by these things called blood sinuses that really just look like cords.

Question 15

What is the distinguishing characteristic of the medulla?

Answer 15

It is closely packed clusters of cells.

– in EM they contain granules of NE in them.

Question 16

What will I see in the thyroid gland?

Answer 16

Follicular cells surrounding a large pink blob which is just colloid. This is where TH is stored prior to its release. The more active the colloid is the more clear and broken up it will look. There are also random C-cells which secrete calcitonin sprinkled in.

Question 17

What types of cells are found in the parathyroid? What do they look like? What do they do??

Answer 17

Chief cells - small cells with dark nuclei - secrete PTH

oxyphil cells - structure of clear staining and large - no role known

Question 18

Where is melatonin made and what does it look like?

Answer 18

Pineal gland and it looks like sand. Just a blob of sand.

Question 19

What is the path that sperm takes?

Answer 19

Seminiferous tubules –> straight tubule –> rete testis –> efferent ductile –> epididymis –> vas defrens –> ejaculatory duct (seminal vesicle empties into here) –> prostate –> urethra

Question 20

What surrounds all of the seminiferous tubules? In other words what is the layer that surrounds the nut?

Answer 20

Tunica albuginea

Question 21

What is the area that leaves the testicle called? What is it leading to ?

Answer 21

Mediastinum, leading to the straight tubules and rete testis.

Question 22

What do seminiferous tubules look like?

Answer 22

Depends on how they are cut. They essentially fill the testicle and are very convoluted structures. Can look like large circles stained pink

Question 23

Where would you find interstitial cells of leydig?

Answer 23

In between the seminiferous tubules.

Question 24

When zoomed into the seminiferous tubule what kinds of cells are we going to see?

Answer 24

Spermatogonia will be on top and then you will we Sertoli cells with will send out projections to make the blood-testis barrier. Then we will see primary and secondary spermatocytes and finally spermatids.

Question 25

What do to staight tubules look like? rete testis?

Answer 25

Straight - circular clear tubules lined w mostly Sertoli cells.
Rete testis - wide irregular shaped lumen with cuboidal cells.

Question 26

Efferent ductile

Answer 26

1) in the basal portion you will see a thick CT

2) ciliated columnar and cuboidal epithelial so it looks very irregular because of the Different sizes.

Question 27

What are the distinguishing characteristics of the epididymis ?

Answer 27

Pseudo stratified epithelium that is very circular. You will often see sperm swimming in the lumen.

Question 28

Vas defrens

Answer 28

Looks not like a circle but not like a star in the middle but somewhere in between. 3 muscular layers on the outside. The inside is pseudostratified with stereocilia.

Question 29

What is unique about the seminal vesicle?

Answer 29

It has these infoldings of mucosa. Depending on the stain, the fructose can stain yellow.

Question 30

Prostate gland

Answer 30

Has prostatic concentrations which are the best indicator. Lined with simple to pseudostratified epithelium.

Question 31

What is different between a pre-pubescent boy and a man with regards to the prostate histologically?

Answer 31

The prostate will not have concentrations if the boy is pre-pubescent.

Question 32

From outside to inside what are the layers of the ovaries?

Answer 32

Germinal epithelium –> tunica albuginea –> primordial follicles –> primary follicles –> secondary follicles –> corpus luteum

Question 33

What two cell types will be found in the corpus luteum and what do they look like?

Answer 33

Theca lutein cells - small skinny cells

Granulosa lutein cells - light staining Round cells.

Question 34

What is the corpus albicans and what does it look like?

Answer 34

It is the degenerating corpus luteum. It looks like the corpus luteum but with big splotches in them that make it looks like it is disintegrating.
It can also look like a pale balls of tubes, which are scar tissue.

Question 35

How does the uterus look during each of the three stages of the menstrual cycle?

Answer 35

Proliferative - lamina propria is compact
Secretory - glands are cork screw shaped and look a little pale
Menstrual stage - blood in lumen

Question 36

What are the two portions of the cervix called and wha too they look like histologically?

Answer 36

Endocervical canal - simple columnar epithelium

Exocervical canal - stratified squamous epithelium

Question 37

Vagina

Answer 37

Stratified squamous epithelium. 2 muscle layers, outer longitudinal and inner circular.

Question 38

In the placenta, what is the name of the cells on the maternal side? Fetal side?

Answer 38

Maternal - decidual cells

Fetal - amnion - simple cuboidal

Question 39

In the tertiary chorionic villi, what are the names of the cells?

Answer 39

Syncitiotrophoblast - normal flattened cells

Cytotrophoblast - rounder cells on the inner part of the circle.

Question 40

What does the umbilical cord look like?

Answer 40

Whartons jelly. Very clear with some veins and arteries and whatnot.

Question 41

What does the mammary gland look like?

Answer 41

Circular duct lied with cuboidal/columnar epithelium

Question 42

What is lined with simple squamous epithelium and looks like a tube?

Answer 42

Thin segment of the loop of henle