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Histopath > Histo 300 To 522 Trusted > Flashcards

Histo 300 To 522 Trusted Flashcards

1
Q

(“What is the title of Dr. Mustapha A. Ajani’s section on page 300?”

A

“HAEMOGLOBINOPATHIES”)

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2
Q

(“What is the molecular composition of haemoglobin?”

A

“A tetramer of two globin chains linked with heme.”)

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3
Q

(“What are the major globin chains in adults?”

A

“Paired α (141 amino acids) and paired β (146 amino acids) chains.”)

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4
Q

(“What is the state of the iron molecule in heme?”

A

“Fe2+ in the ferrous state.”)

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5
Q

(“How many haemoglobin molecules does each heme molecule bind?”

A

“A single haemoglobin molecule.”)

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6
Q

(“What is the nature of the haemoglobin molecule and individual globin chains?”

A

“The haemoglobin molecule is soluble but individual globin chains are insoluble.”)

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7
Q

(“What are haemoglobinopathies?”

A

“Disorders affecting the structure

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8
Q

(“How are haemoglobinopathies inherited?”

A

“As autosomal co-dominant genes.”)

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9
Q

(“What are some presentations of haemoglobinopathies?”

A

“Haemolytic anemias

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10
Q

(“What are locally advanced disease and inflammatory carcinoma examples of?”

A

“Minor prognostic factors.”)

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11
Q

(“What are some histologic subtypes mentioned on page 305?”

A

“Tumor grade (SBR)

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12
Q

(“What does HER2/neu or c-erb B2 relate to?”

A

“Minor prognostic factors.”)

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13
Q

(“What is Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) a factor for?”

A

“Minor prognostic factors.”)

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14
Q

(“What does proliferative rate (PCNA

A

Ki 67) measure?”

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15
Q

(“What does DNA content relate to in histology?”

A

“Minor prognostic factors.”)

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16
Q

(“What does NM 23 relate to in histology?”

A

“Minor prognostic factors.”)

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17
Q

(“What is the focus of the text on page 310?”

A

“Introduction to Haemoglobinopathies.”)

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18
Q

(“What are the types of haemoglobin molecules mentioned?”

A

“HbA

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19
Q

(“What is the composition of HbA?”

A

“Two alpha and two beta chains.”)

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20
Q

(“What is the composition of HbA2?”

A

“Two alpha and two delta chains.”)

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21
Q

(“What is the composition of HbF?”

A

“Two alpha and two gamma chains.”)

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22
Q

(“What is the primary haemoglobin in fetal life?”

A

“HbF.”)

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23
Q

(“What is the primary haemoglobin in adults?”

A

“HbA.”)

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24
Q

(“What genetic mutation causes Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?”

A

“A mutation in the beta-globin gene.”)

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25
Q

(“What is the clinical presentation of Sickle Cell Disease?”

A

“Painful crises

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26
Q

(“What is Thalassemia?”

A

“A genetic disorder resulting in reduced or absent production of globin chains.”)

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27
Q

(“What is Alpha Thalassemia caused by?”

A

“Deletions in one or more of the alpha-globin genes.”)

28
Q

(“What is Beta Thalassemia caused by?”

A

“Mutations in the beta-globin gene.”)

29
Q

(“What are some clinical features of Beta Thalassemia Major?”

A

“Severe anemia

30
Q

(“What is the treatment for Thalassemia?”

A

“Regular blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy.”)

31
Q

(“What is the genetic cause of Hemoglobin C disease?”

A

“A mutation in the beta-globin gene.”)

32
Q

(“What are the clinical features of Hemoglobin C disease?”

A

“Mild hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly.”)

33
Q

(“What is Hemoglobin E disease?”

A

“A beta-globin variant common in Southeast Asia.”)

34
Q

(“What is the title of Dr. Mustapha A. Ajani’s section on page 300?”

A

“HAEMOGLOBINOPATHIES”)

35
Q

(“What is the molecular composition of haemoglobin?”

A

“A tetramer of two globin chains linked with heme.”)

36
Q

(“What are the major globin chains in adults?”

A

“Paired α (141 amino acids) and paired β (146 amino acids) chains.”)

37
Q

(“What is the state of the iron molecule in heme?”

A

“Fe2+ in the ferrous state.”)

38
Q

(“How many haemoglobin molecules does each heme molecule bind?”

A

“A single haemoglobin molecule.”)

39
Q

(“What is the nature of the haemoglobin molecule and individual globin chains?”

A

“The haemoglobin molecule is soluble but individual globin chains are insoluble.”)

40
Q

(“What are haemoglobinopathies?”

A

“Disorders affecting the structure

41
Q

(“How are haemoglobinopathies inherited?”

A

“As autosomal co-dominant genes.”)

42
Q

(“What are some presentations of haemoglobinopathies?”

A

“Haemolytic anemias

43
Q

(“What are locally advanced disease and inflammatory carcinoma examples of?”

A

“Minor prognostic factors.”)

44
Q

(“What are some histologic subtypes mentioned on page 305?”

A

“Tumor grade (SBR)

45
Q

(“What does HER2/neu or c-erb B2 relate to?”

A

“Minor prognostic factors.”)

46
Q

(“What is Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) a factor for?”

A

“Minor prognostic factors.”)

47
Q

(“What does proliferative rate (PCNA

A

Ki 67) measure?”

48
Q

(“What does DNA content relate to in histology?”

A

“Minor prognostic factors.”)

49
Q

(“What does NM 23 relate to in histology?”

A

“Minor prognostic factors.”)

50
Q

(“What is the focus of the text on page 310?”

A

“Introduction to Haemoglobinopathies.”)

51
Q

(“What are the types of haemoglobin molecules mentioned?”

A

“HbA

52
Q

(“What is the composition of HbA?”

A

“Two alpha and two beta chains.”)

53
Q

(“What is the composition of HbA2?”

A

“Two alpha and two delta chains.”)

54
Q

(“What is the composition of HbF?”

A

“Two alpha and two gamma chains.”)

55
Q

(“What is the primary haemoglobin in fetal life?”

A

“HbF.”)

56
Q

(“What is the primary haemoglobin in adults?”

A

“HbA.”)

57
Q

(“What genetic mutation causes Sickle Cell Disease (SCD)?”

A

“A mutation in the beta-globin gene.”)

58
Q

(“What is the clinical presentation of Sickle Cell Disease?”

A

“Painful crises

59
Q

(“What is Thalassemia?”

A

“A genetic disorder resulting in reduced or absent production of globin chains.”)

60
Q

(“What is Alpha Thalassemia caused by?”

A

“Deletions in one or more of the alpha-globin genes.”)

61
Q

(“What is Beta Thalassemia caused by?”

A

“Mutations in the beta-globin gene.”)

62
Q

(“What are some clinical features of Beta Thalassemia Major?”

A

“Severe anemia

63
Q

(“What is the treatment for Thalassemia?”

A

“Regular blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy.”)

64
Q

(“What is the genetic cause of Hemoglobin C disease?”

A

“A mutation in the beta-globin gene.”)

65
Q

(“What are the clinical features of Hemoglobin C disease?”

A

“Mild hemolytic anemia and splenomegaly.”)

66
Q

(“What is Hemoglobin E disease?”

A

“A beta-globin variant common in Southeast Asia.”)

Histopath (2 decks)

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