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Pharmacology 2nd colloq > Histamine and local anaesthetics > Flashcards

Histamine and local anaesthetics Flashcards

0
Q

Validol

A 
A= anxiolytics, menthyl ester of isovaleric acid
B= it produces a sedative effect and has moderate reflex and vascular dilatative effects caused by stimulation of sensory nerve receptors of oral mucosa followed by the release of endorphins
C= heart disease, angina, motion sickness and vertigo, hysteria, nervousness, headaches from taking nitrates
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1
Q

Ammonia solution

A 
A= antiseptics 
B= aromatic ammonia spirit is a reflex respiratory stimulant that acts by causing peripheral irritation of sensory receptors in the nasal mucous membranes, esophageal mucosa and fungus of stomach
C= syncope, treat/prevent fainting
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2
Q

Chloropyramine

A 
A= antihistamine, pharmacodynamic antagonist, specific competetive h1 blocker- 1st generation
B= competetive antagonist/inverse agonist of H1 receptors --> inhibits vasodilation, increased vascular permeability and tissue edema. Has some anticholinergic properties and decreases tone in bronchial SMC 
C= nasal allergies, seasonal rhinitis(hay fever) treatment and prevention of urticaria, food and drug allergies, insect bites and sting, nausea and vomiting, occasional insomnia, pruritus
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3
Q

Clemastine

A 
A= antihistamine, pharmacodynamic antagonist, specific competetive h1 blocker, 1st generation 
B= competetive antagonist/inverse agonist at H1 receptors:⬇️tone of bronchial SMC, ⬇️️GIT tone, ⬇️venous blood vessel tone and vascular permeability and edema,⬆️ tone of arterial bv⬇️ effects of CNS (no nausea or vomiting)
C= nasal allergies, seasonal rhinitis(hay fever) treatment and prevention of urticaria, food and drug allergies, insect bites and sting, nausea and vomiting, occasional insomnia, pruritus
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4
Q

Diphenhydramine

A 
A= antiemetics, antihistamine, pharmacodynamic antagonist, specific competetive H1 blocker- 1st generation
B= B= competetive antagonist/inverse agonist at H1 receptors:⬇️tone of bronchial SMC, ⬇️️GIT tone, ⬇️venous blood vessel tone and vascular permeability and edema,⬆️ tone of arterial bv⬇️ effects of CNS (no nausea or vomiting) has some sedative effect by its anti muscarinic effects
C= nasal allergies, seasonal rhinitis (hay fever) treatment and prevention of urticaria, pruritis, insect bites and sting, food and drug allergy, nausea and vomiting, occasional insomnia. Symptoms associated with vertigo and motion sickness
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5
Q

Quifenaline

A 
A= antihistamine 
B= blocks both h1 receptors in peripheral tissues and activates enzyme diaminoxidase (histaminase) --> due to this decreases amount of histamine in tissues
C= pollinosis, acute and chronic urticaria, seasonal rhinitis (hay fever) allergic conjunctivitis and food or drug allergies
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6
Q

Loratadine

A 
A= antihistamine, pharmacodynamic antagonist, specific competetive h1 blocker - 2nd generation 
B= competetive antagonist/inverse agonist at H1 receptors:⬇️tone of bronchial SMC, ⬇️️GIT tone, ⬇️venous blood vessel tone and vascular permeability and edema,⬆️ tone of arterial bv⬇️ effects of CNS (no nausea or vomiting)
C= nasal allergies, seasonal rhinitis (hay fever) treatment and prevention of urticaria, pruritis, insect bites and sting, food and drug allergy, nausea and vomiting, occasional insomnia
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7
Q

Cetirizine

A 
A= antihistamine, pharmacodynamic antagonist, specific, competetive H1 blocker- 2nd generation
B= competetive antagonist/inverse agonist at H1 receptors:⬇️tone of bronchial SMC, ⬇️️GIT tone, ⬇️venous blood vessel tone and vascular permeability and edema,⬆️ tone of arterial bv⬇️ effects of CNS (no nausea or vomiting)
C= nasal allergies, seasonal rhinitis (hay fever) treatment and prevention of urticaria, pruritis, insect bites and sting, food and drug allergy, nausea and vomiting, occasional insomnia. IgE mediated allergies especiLly hay fever and urticaria
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8
Q

Desloratadine (active metabolite of Loratadine)

A 
A= tricyclic antihistamine,pharmacodynamic antagonist, specific competetive H1blocker- 3rd generation
B= competetive antagonist/inverse agonist at H1 receptors:⬇️tone of bronchial SMC, ⬇️️GIT tone, ⬇️venous blood vessel tone and vascular permeability and edema,⬆️ tone of arterial bv⬇️ effects of CNS (no nausea or vomiting)
C= nasal allergies, seasonal rhinitis (hay fever) treatment and prevention of urticaria, pruritis, insect bites and sting, food and drug allergy, nausea and vomiting, occasional insomnia
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9
Q

Sodium cromoglicate

A 
A= antihistamine
B= inhibits degranulation of mast cells--> subsequently preventing the release of histamine and other BAS, May also act by inhibiting calcium influx
B= prophylaxis and treatment of bronchial asthma, keratitis, rhinitis, allergies (does not affect already established asthmatic attack)
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10
Q

Ranitidine

A 
A= antihistamine, pharmacodynamic antagonist, specific competetive H2 blocker
B= competetive antagonist/inverse agonist at h2 receptors --> blocks effects of h2 receptors: ⬆️gastric secretion ⬇️ heart function and rhythm ⬆️ tone of arterial SMC bv ⬆️ womb contractions, increased release of granules of mast cells and basophils, decrease CNS effects of nausea and vomiting. Inhibits secretion of gastric acid mainly in two ways: 1) histamine released from ECL cells in stomach is blocked from binding to its receptors on parietal cells which stimulate acid secretion 2) other substances as gastrin and ach that stimulate acid secretion have a reduced effect on parietal cells when h2 receptors are blocked
C= gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD, zollinger-Ellison disease, undiagnosed dyspepsia, healing of NSAID associated ulcers (specially duodenal)
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11
Q

Famotidine

A 
A= antihistamine, pharmacodynamic antagonist, specific competetive H2 blocker
B= competetive antagonist/inverse agonist at h2 receptors --> blocks effects of h2 receptors: ⬇️gastric secretion ⬇️ heart function and rhythm ⬆️ tone of arterial SMC bv ⬆️ womb contractions, increased release of granules of mast cells and basophils, decrease CNS effects of nausea and vomiting.
C= gastric and duodenal ulcers, GERD, zollinger-Ellison disease, undiagnosed dyspepsia, healing of NSAID associated ulcers (specially duodenal)
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12
Q

Lidocaine

A 
A= local anaesthetics, amide type (long acting) and cardiac depressant
B= stabilizes the neuronal membrane by inhibiting ionic fluxes required for the initiation and conduction of impulses thereby effecting local anaesthetics action. Lidocaine alters signal transduction by blocking fast voltage gated sodium channels that are responsible for signal propagation--> with sufficient blockage the neuron will fail to depolarize and thus fail to transmit action potential to CNS 
C= used for both terminal (surface) and infiltrating anaesthesia, but also for lumbar or spinal blocks. Antiarrhytmiatic agent
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13
Q

Benzocaine

A 
A= local anaesthetics, ester type (short acting)
B= prevents transmission of impulses along nerve fibers and at nerve endings by causing reversable blockade of sensory receptors and decreasing permeability of ions (potassium and sodium)
C= surface anaesthetics for mucous membranes and skin - oral ulcers, pain in ear, ear wax removal. Also as topical anaesthetics on esophagus, nasal cavity, rectum, vagina, UTI, also suppresses gag reflex
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14
Q

Bupivacaine (5-10 hrs)

A 
A= local anaesthetics, amide type, 
B= prevents transmission of impulses along nerve fibers and at nerve endings by causing reversable blockade of sensory receptors and decreasing permeability of ions (potassium and sodium)
C= infiltration anaesthetics, regional anesthesia for surgery, dental surgery, for diagnostics and therapeutic procedures, obstetrical procedures
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15
Q

Bismuth subcritate

A 
A= intestinal adsorbent, heavy metal
B= bismuth salts are taken up by gastric mucous as well as binding to the proteins of the base of the ulcers after coming into contact with gastric juice --> inhibition of CW synthes, CM function, protein synthesis, ATP synthesis 
C= gastric ulcers, peptic ulcers, non ulcer dyspepsia, h pylori
16
Q

Oak bark

A 
A= intestinal adsorbent, botanical
B= oak bark contains tannins which help to treat diarrhea and inflammation (increase absorption)
C= diarrhea, colds, fever, cough, bronchitis, stimulating appetite and improving digestion, pain swelling of skin, mouth, throat
17
Q

Activated carbon (charcoal)

A 
A= intestinal, adsorbent, antidote
B= binds (adsorbs) toxic substances, inhibits ️️GIT absorbation, leaving less toxic substances in body circulation, increasing fecal elimination of drug/charcoal complex
C= acute/accidental poisoning, overdose. To induce vomiting in attempted suicide overdose, diarrhea, constipation, and cramps
18
Q

Diosmectite

A 
A= intestinal adsorbent
B= an inactivated natural alumioscillate clay consisting of a double aluminum and magnesium silicate - adsorbent in case of watery diarrhea
C= acute watery diarrhea in children

Pharmacology 2nd colloq (4 decks)

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