Histamine and Antihistamines Flashcards
First generation antihistamines
- Diphenhydramine
- Doxylamine
- Bromphenireamine
- Promethazine
- Cyproheptadine
The first gen antihistamine that causes hyperactivity in children
Diphenhydramine
The first-gen antihistamine that is sedative and has anti-emetic effects
Promethazine
The first gen antihistamine that has an orexigenic effect, and why is this?
Cyproheptadine
It has anti-serotonergic activity
Second gen antihistamines
- Cetirizine
- Levocetirizine
- Loratadine
- Desloratadine
- Terfenadine
- Fexofenadine
The second-gen antihistamine withdrawn because of its cardiotoxicity
Terfenadine
The second-gen antihistamine that presents minimal sedative effects
Cetrizine
Mast cell stabilisers
- Cromoglicic acid
- Nedocromil
H2 receptor antagonists
- Cimetidine
- Ranitidine
- Nizatidine
H2 receptor antagonist that may cause severe adverse effects
Cimetidine
H2 receptor antagonist that carries risks of causing cancer in the long term
Ranitidine
Cimetidine may decrease the efficacy of which drugs
Drugs metabolised by CYP enzymes
* warfarin and diazepam
What is the first-line treatment of anaphylactic shock?
Adrenaline, administered IM
What drug is used for bronchodilation in anaphylactic shock
Aminophylline
Which drugs are used to treat symptoms of anaphylaxis
- Adrenocorticosteroids
- Antihistamines
