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Hygiene Sem1 > Hist And Embry > Flashcards

Hist And Embry Flashcards

1
Q

What is histology

A

Study of microscopic structure and function of cells

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2
Q

Cells function is to carry out vital processes of (8)

A

Absorption
assimilation
Respiration
irritability (rxn to stimulus)
conductivity,
growth,
reproduction and
excretion

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3
Q

What is exocytosis

A

Expulsion of materials out of the cell

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4
Q

Endocytosis is what and includes what 2 things

A

Uptake of materials into the cell
Pinocytosis( cell drinking)
Phagocytosis (cell eating)

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5
Q

Cell membrane acts as the what of the cell

A

Gatekeeper

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6
Q

The cytoplasm provides what in which other other organelles function

A

Medium

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7
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum is considered the

A

Highway system of the cell

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8
Q

Rough ER contains what and what do these synthesize

A

Ribosomes
Synthesizes proteins

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9
Q

Smooth ER contains what and what do they make

A

Enzymes
Make lipid molecules and steroid hormones

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10
Q

Ribosomes are also known as

A

Protein factories

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11
Q

Known as the chemical processing and packaging centre of proteins received from the rough ER

A

Golgi apparatus

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12
Q

Powerhouse of the cell

A

Mitochondria

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13
Q

Lysosome is known as the what of the cell and is created by what organelle

A

Sewer system of the cell
Created by Golgi apparatus

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14
Q

This organelles components give basic stability to the cell as a whole

A

Cytoskeleton

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15
Q

Microfilaments cause various

A

Cellular movements

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16
Q

What maintains the shape of the cell and forms the cells internal skeleton

A

Microtubules

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17
Q

What are involved with intercellular junctions and mitosis

A

Intermediate filaments

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18
Q

A tight intercellular junction fuses

A

Cell membranes together
think water TIGHT seal

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19
Q

A gap junction is a what and allows for what

A

Tubular channel between cells
Allows for substances to be exchanged

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20
Q

Desmosomes attach what cells together

A

Adjacent

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21
Q

Hemidesmosomes attach cells to what

A

Basement membrane

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22
Q

In interphase what 3 things occur

A

DNA is replicated
Cell grows
Forms new organelles

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23
Q

Interphase consists of 3 phases which are

A

G1
S
G2

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24
Q

G1 phase is the initial

A

Resting phase of the cell

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25
Q

In s phase what is replicated

A

DNA
(Chromatin and centrosome)

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26
Q

G2 is the

A

Second Resting phase of the cell

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27
Q

Mitosis is a continuous process where the nuclear parts of the cell are what

A

Nuclear parts of the cell are divided into 2 equal daughter cells

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28
Q

Mitosis consists of 4 stages which are

A

Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase

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29
Q

What disappears in prophase

A

Nuclear membrane and nucleolus

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30
Q

During metaphase spindle fivers from the centrioles become attached to

A

The centrosomes of each chromosome
meet in middle

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31
Q

Anaphase the centromeres

A

Split and each chromosome splits into 2 chromatids
migrate to opposite polls
pulls apart

32
Q

The division into 2 daughter cells explains what phase of mitosis

A

Telophase
nucleoli appear and microtubules disappear

33
Q

Cytokinesis is the physical process of

A

Cell division
Produces 2 daughter cells

34
Q

When less specialized cells become more specialized this is known as

A

Differentiation

35
Q

When does MEIOSIS occur

A

During the maturation of sex cells

36
Q

What are tissues (hint* grouping of similar cells)

A

Structure formed by the grouping of cells with similar characteristics of form and function

37
Q

What are the 4 basic types of tissue

A

Epithelial
Connective
Muscular
Nerve

38
Q

Epithelial tissue forms what and function in?

A

Protective coverings
Function in secretion and sensory

39
Q

What tissue provides support for the softer body parts and binds structures together

A

Connective

40
Q

This tissue produces body movements

A

Muscular

41
Q

Nerve tissue conducts what that help what

A

Impulses that help control and coordinate body activities

42
Q

Epithelial tissue is ____ meaning no own blood supply

A

Avascular

43
Q

Epithelium is highly

A

Regenerative

44
Q

The epithelium is capable of rapid turnover; What is the turnover time for the oral cavity and for the skin

A

14 days for oral cavity
20-30 days for skin

45
Q

In Simple squamous epithelium the cells are flat; their function is to and perform what type of function

A

Cover connective tissue
Perform a filtering function

46
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium the cells are cube like. Function? And contributes to ?

A

Protection/covering for an organ
Contributes to secretion

47
Q

Simple columnar epithelium the cells are rectangular. Function? May be?

A

Protection, secretion/absorption
Ciliated or non ciliated

48
Q

This type of epithelium moistens, warms and cleans lining membranes

A

Pseudo-stratified columnar epithelium

49
Q

This type of epithelium is located on dry or wet surfaces and has a ___layer for protection

A

Stratified squamous keratinized epithelium
Layer of keratin for protection

50
Q

“Layered cake” and contains no keratin refers to

A

Stratified squamous non-keratinized epithelium
*many layers of cells = layered cake analogy”

51
Q

The basement membrane is located between what

A

Epithelium and connective tissue

52
Q

In connective tissue are the cells tightly packed?

A

No, some distance apart

53
Q

What are the 3 major cell types found in connective tissue

A

Fibroblasts
Macrophages
Mast cells

54
Q

The most common cell found in all connective tissue is

A

Fibroblasts

55
Q

What cell type found in the connective tissue is important in fighting infections

A

Macrophages (monocytes)

56
Q

What cell found in connective tissue is involved in allergic responses

A

Mast cells

57
Q

Collagenous fibers are composed of what

A

Collagen

58
Q

Elastic fibers are composed of Microfilaments embedded in what

A

Protein elastin

59
Q

Reticular fibers are composed of protein ____

A

Reticulin

60
Q

Loose connective tissue forms ___ _____ between organs and binds them together. Serves as what for the deeper structures of the body

A

Thin membranes
Protective padding

61
Q

Loose connective tissue is found where

A

Beneath the skin (dermis) and between muscles

62
Q

Fibrous connective tissue is composed of mainly strong ____ fibers that bind parts together. Located where?

A

Collagenous
Tendons, ligaments, eyes, skin (dermis)

63
Q

This type of tissue stores fat, provides a protective cushion and functions as a heat insulator. Located where

A

Adipose tissue
Beneath the skin (hypodermis)

64
Q

Elastic connective tissue is composed mainly of ____ fibers which combine strength with what

A

Elastic
Elasticity

65
Q

Reticular connective tissue is a delicate network of interwoven ____ fibers.
Supports what? (3)

A

Reticular
Blood vessels, internal organs, lymphatic organs

66
Q

What provides support and framework for various parts and decreases friction

A

Cartilage

67
Q

Cartilage is slow to heal following an injury due to lack of

A

Direct blood supply

68
Q

What surrounds the cartilage

A

Perichondrium

69
Q

2 cells of the cartilage are

A

Chondroblasts
Chondrocytes

70
Q

What cell of the cartilage produces the matrix

A

Chondroblasts

71
Q

Chondrocytes maintain what

A

Maintain the matrix

72
Q

What are the 3 main cartilage types

A

Hyaline
Elastic
Fibrocartilage

73
Q

All cartilage types start as

A

Hyaline

74
Q

Osteoblasts are

A

Bone building

75
Q

Osteoclasts are

A

Bone resorbing/crushing

76
Q

Dendrites send impulses to

A

The cell body

77
Q

Axon sends impulses

A

Away from cell body

Hygiene Sem1 (8 decks)

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