HIST 450 Terms And Concepts Review 2

Question 1

Xenophobia

Answer 1

Fear of strangers

Question 2

Nativism

Answer 2

movement for public policy to favor the native born, silly in California because most of the people in California weren’t born here.

Question 3

Testimony Act of 1850

Answer 3

Non-white people weren’t aloud to testify against white people.

Question 4

Murder of Gordon Chase ON EXAM

Answer 4

Gordon Chase was an african american barber in San Francisco. A white man stole from his sister’s dress shop. The next day comes to Chases barber shop and tells to Chase to apologize to him. Chase refuses and is shot. A man getting a hair cut, Robert Cowles, saw this and was going to testify, but was proven based on examination of a hair sample to be 1/16 black and wasn’t aloud testify. The murder went free. This enraged the San Francisco black community who would organize the San Francisco Franchise League as a result.

Question 5

San Francisco Franchise League

Answer 5

A group of african american who hired lawyers, signed petitions, lobbied the state legislature, and who were in 1863 allowed to testify. And in 1872 everyone was allowed to testify.

Question 6

Foreign miners Tax of 1850

Answer 6

Was a step against Latinos, who had to pay a $20 a month mining fee, was a prohibitory tax because a good wage was $30 a month. Was not enforced again anyone except Spanish speaker, native Californios included. 10,000 Spanish speaking miners left the Gold Rush county because they couldn’t pay the tax.

Question 7

Juanita of Downieville

Answer 7

Married a Latina woman, who was a miner.
Josheph Cannon, started knocking on the door, broke it down, he stumble in, she told him to leave, he left, drank more, came back, unsure what happens next, some how Juanita kills him with a butcher knife. She said a man tried to rape her and she stabbed him, his friends said he was trying to apologize, a lynch mob tried to hang her, she ends up hanging herself. This act showed how racist people were towards Latinos during the Gold Rush. An example of how Latino women were given the bad stereotypes, if she had been a white woman Josheph Connon would of been in the wrong.

Question 8

Joaquin Murieta

Answer 8

The most famous Mexican bandit and thief. Califonia state legislature posted a $1000 reward for a hispanic man that goes by the name of Joanquin, Captain Harry Love went after him, shot and killed him and his accomplices. Historians doubt whether there was ever a real Joaquin Murieta, he was reported in many places at once, but he was important because he was another type of stereotype.

Question 9

Land Law of 1851

Answer 9

Forced the Californios who claimed to have grants to have to appear before the Board of Land Commissioners, 3 american judges. This act was passed because of settles squatting on their lands due to Gold Rush. Californios ended up giving up a lot of their land to prove they owned it. Contradicts the constitution, innocent until proven guilty.

Question 10

Board of Land Commissioners

Answer 10

Californios had to prove that they had land grants. 800 cases came before the board, 600 were proven. Drained the Californios funds to prove it. Average case took 17 years. The Land Act of 1851 required them to do this. Presumed someone guilty until proven innocent. Many land grants ended up going to the lawyers how tried them as payment for their service over the years of the trial.

Question 11

An Act for the Government and Protection of Indians

Answer 11

Was an 1850 act to deal with the Native American Indians, and included three clauses: Vagrancy clause, Bail Out clause, and Apprentice clause

Question 12

1. Vagrancy Clause

Answer 12

If a native americans was walking around idly,he could be arrested for vagrancy. Showed the poor treatment of Indians in California. Could be more accurately called the Act for the Exploitation and Enslavement of Indians.

Question 13

2. Bail Out Clause

Answer 13

If a rancher needed workers, he could go to a local jail and bail a native american out. You had to clothe and feed the native americans during the time they worked off the bail money. But during this time the native american could not testify against the rancher, so its had to say how the native americans were truly treated.

Question 14

3. apprentice Clause

Answer 14

Native American mothers could turn over their children to white families as apprentices. This resulted in native american children being kidnapped and sold to California families essentially as slaves until a certain age.

Question 15

Californios

Answer 15

From 1820 to 1848 settlers who came from mexico to settle in Califonia, If you were a good citizen you could be granted land if you applied to the governor. About 500 grants given out.

Question 16

Theodore Judah

Answer 16

American railroad and civil engineer who was a central figure in the original promotion, establishment, and design of the first Transcontinental Railroad. He found investors for what became the Central Pacific Railroad (CPRR). As chief engineer, he performed much of the land survey work to determine the best route for the railroad over the Sierra Nevada mountains.

Question 17

The Big Four

Answer 17

The Big Four were the chief entrepreneurs in the building of the first transcontinental railroad.
They provided the initial financial backing for the plan proposed by civil engineer Theodore
Judah. As directors of the Central Pacific and later the Southern Pacific, they became the
wealthiest and most powerful Californians of their generation.

Question 18

Colis P. Huntington

Answer 18

Vice President, a successful
Sacramento hardware merchant. Huntington’s business practices became legendary. “How badly does the customer want it?” In later years he would serve as
president of the Southern Pacific.

Question 19

Charles Crocker

Answer 19

Charles Crocker, the fourth member of the group, began his career in California as a seller of dry
goods in Sacramento. As a director of the railroad, his greatest contribution was his unflagging
energy and enthusiasm. He would serve as overseer of the actual building of the railroad.

Question 20

Mark Hopkins

Answer 20

vHuntington’s partner in the hardware business was Mark Hopkins, elevated to the position of
treasurer of the Central Pacific. Several years older than the other partners, Hopkins lacked their
driving ambition. His greatest strength was his eye for detail, keeping meticulous accounts of all
financial transactions.

Question 21

Leland Standford

Answer 21

Elected president of the Central Pacific was a Sacramento grocer named Leland Stanford. He was active in the
formation of the state Republican party, and in 1862 he ran successfully for the governorship of
California. Later he served as a United States Senator from California.

Question 22

Pacific Railroad Acts of 1862 and 1864

Answer 22

Signed into law by President
Lincoln, these acts provided enormous gifts of land and low-interest loans to the Central Pacific
and Union Pacific railroads.

Question 23

Battle of Mussel Slough

Answer 23

Central valley farmers and buyers of land from the rr. RR promised farmers low cost lands, the farmers worked the land. The RR sold the lands for much more. Only rich people could afford it. farmers tried to occupy. Started a riot. Squatters became local heroes. People against the Octopus.

Question 24

“All the market will bear.”

Answer 24

Huntington moved up transportation costs when products costs rose. Shows how corrupt the RR was. How much they were getting away with.

Question 25

Ticket System

Answer 25

?

Question 26

Foreign miners tax of 1852

Answer 26

Anti Chinese legislation

Question 27

Dennis Kearney

Answer 27

A fiery young Irish American, leader

of the Workingmen’s Party of California. Working mans party became strong. “And whatever happens, the Chinese must go.”

Question 28

Workingman’s party of San Francisco

Answer 28

an American labor organization led by Denis Kearney in the 1870s.

Question 29

Breathing Space Ordinanace

Answer 29

laws to harass the Chinese, an ordinance in 1870 that prohibited anyone form occupying a sleeping room with less than 500 cubic feet of breathing space per person, allowed the police to make raids on crowded tenements in Chinatown and roust out any sleeping Chinese residents who
were violating the ordinance while they slept. The law was vigorously enforced and soon the
jails of San Francisco were so overcrowded that the city itself was in gross violation of its own
ordinance.

Question 30

Queue Ordinance

Answer 30

It was common Chinese style to where your hair in a queue, a long pigtail as a sign of submission to the ruling Manchu people.Was a symbol of national identity for the Chinese. If someone was arrested they would have there hair cut off the the length of one inch.

Question 31

Laundry Cart Ordinance

Answer 31

?

Question 32

Pole Ordinance

Answer 32

?

Question 33

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Answer 33

First U.S. immigration restriction act. Only banned Chinese laborers, not merchants and such. Could pay someone to claim you as there son, would be interrogated at angle island. Could sneak in. In the 1906 earthquake many of the records of who was legal were burned.

Question 34

Progressivism

Answer 34

Goals:

1. Correct the obvious abuse of power, RR corruption
2. Strengthen the State / Government power ( would help oust corruption )
3. Clean up politics ( stop city bosses from collecting votes)
4. Rescue the Poor ( legislative morality )

Question 35

Muchraking

Answer 35

Bring a problem to light, then fixing it by passing a law, didn’t always work ( Prohibition ) Upton Sinclair, The Jungle

Question 36

Public Utilities Commission

Answer 36

An economic law passed by Progressives that regulated the price of utilities used by everyone (aimed at the RR)

Question 37

Initiative, Referendum, and Recall

Answer 37

Initiative - allows voters to put proposed law on the ballot for public approval

referendum - allows citizens to place recently passed law on ballot for voters to approve or reject

recall - enables citizens to remove and elected official from office

Question 38

Prohibition

Answer 38

a national ban on the sale, production, and transportation of alcohol, in place from 1920 to 1933. Thru loop hole lead to the increased production of wine.

Question 39

The Jungle

Answer 39

a 1906 novel written by the American journalist and novelist Upton Sinclair (1878–1968). Sinclair wrote the novel to portray the lives of immigrants in the United States. Many readers were most concerned with his exposure of practices in the American meatpacking industry during the early 20th century, based on an investigation he did for a socialist newspaper.

Question 40

Carey McWilliams

Answer 40

Famous Califonia historian

Question 41

“California’s Peculiar Institution”

Answer 41

The Farm workers of California were considered slaves for the lack of power they had of the land owners.

1. Farmers were usually non-white, non-native
2. they were extremely poverty stricken
3. they moved around a lot preventing them from organizing
4. There was a surplus of workers
5. most unions were hostile towards them
6. Owners realized their vulnerability and oppressed them because of it
7. growers had all the power in the local communities

Question 42

Industrial Workers of the World (I.W.W)

Answer 42

A militant labor organization, founded in 1905 to “abolition of the wage system” and called for a single union of all workers, regardless of trade or skill level; it was repressed during and after WW1

Question 43

Big Bill Haywood

Answer 43

lead by Industrial Workers of the World

Question 44

Gag Rules

Answer 44

?

Question 45

Frank Little

Answer 45

an American labor leader, He joined the Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

Question 46

Durst Brothers’ wheatland Hops Ranch Riot

Answer 46

The Wheatland Hop Riot was among the first major farm labor confrontations in California and a harbinger of further battles throughout the 20th century.

The durst brothers wanted to create a labor surplus and promised anyone who hame to there ranch a job, amongst other things. Didn’t live up to there promise. IWW sent workers to the camp and riot broke out killing.

Question 47

Criminal Syndicalism Act of 1919

Answer 47

Made it illegal to belong to an organization the promoted violence to change politics. if one member in the group promoted violence, the entire organization would be guilty. Drove the IWW out of Cal.

Question 48

Colton Letters

Answer 48

Letters written by David Colton that exposed the corruption in the RR. Colton was in charge of bribing local politicians and he wrote letters to Huntington about it. When he died, the Big Four offered his widow $500,00 for his stock. When she found out the stock was worth $5,000,000 she sued, using the letters to discredit.

Question 49

“Dear Pard” letters

Answer 49

JM Basset, who was loyal to Leland Standford wrote the letters to Huntington describing in gross detail the acts of corruption the RR committed for 5 years. He sent one copy to Huntington and one the the SF Newspaper.