HIST 450 Terms And Concepts 3

Question 1

Japanese Internment

Answer 1

Forced removal of Japanese Americans to internment camps

most stigmatized group of Americans during WWII.

took away their rights as Americans

showed the racism that Japanese Americans faced

Question 2

Asiatic Exclusion League

Answer 2

founded by San Francisco Labor Unions, to exclude all Asian races, and discourage immigration.

Question 3

Gentleman’s Agreement

Answer 3

Roosevelt negotiated, SF School Boards rescinded its order to segregate the few Japanese children into the Oriental School and Japan promised to limit immigration to just immediate family members. Unofficial treaty, caused the Picture Bride influx.

Question 4

Picture Brides

Answer 4

Japanese women came to America to be married to single Japanese men. Men had only seen them in picures, Numbers of Japanese women in CA went from 500 to 20,000in 20 years. Japanese families were able to grow in America, caused many Californians to see Japanese as sneaky

Question 5

Heney-Webb Alien Land Law

Answer 5

Heney and Webb drafted the act against aliens ineligible for American citizenship. Aliens ineligible for US citizenship could not own land in the state or lease it for more than three years in CA. All Asian were ineligible for naturalization, people got around it by having the land in their children’s name.

Question 6

Executive Order 9066

Answer 6

Roosevelt signed, document authorizing the secretary of war to designate special areas/zones for certain peoples to be excluded, military zones. Evacuation of 112,000 Japanese Americans. Cleared the way for the deportation of Japanese americans to internment camps.

Question 7

Public Law 77-503

Answer 7

Congress passed this law, laid out the statistics for the Japenese American internment camps, and how they could be constructed, which makes it a federal crime for a person ordered to leave a military area to refuse to do so.

Question 8

Korematsu vs U.S. Army

Answer 8

Frank Korematsu challenged the legitimacy of the internment camps. Supreme court ruled that they were unconstitutional but they were acceptable during war time, this drastically weakened the constitutional rights of all american in wartime by condoning a mass injustice on a group of americans because of their race.

Question 9

Lt. Gen. John L. Dewitt

Answer 9

The general most responsible for internment of Japanese Americans. In charge of West Coast defense, said there was no way to rest the loyalty of the Japanese, said that since Japanese hadn’t caused any sabotage, they were more likely to at any time. Went back and forth between not interning the Japanese Americans and then doing it.

Question 10

442nd Combat Regiment

Answer 10

Japanese Americans from the West Coast and Hawaii. All men lead by white officers, became most decorated unit in history of the US Army, suffered over 10,000 caualties. Showed that many Japanese Americans were loyal to their country, showed the devotion to their country–and some of their families were in relocation camps.

Question 11

Redress Payment

Answer 11

Japanese Americans who had been alive during the internment. Each person still alive given $20,000. It wasn’t much but it was start to addressing the issue.

Question 12

Port Chicago Mutiny Trial

Answer 12

Most officers had no training in loading ships, learned as they went along, soldiers told there was no risk. On July 17, 1944 there was an explosion and after some men refuresd to continue loading ships. They were taken to trial for mutiny. 50 men found guilty of mutiny, sentenced to 15 years, later reduced–pressure from NAACP and Navy desegregated in 1945

Question 13

Capt. Nelson Goss

Answer 13

Commander at Port Chicago in Concord who was upset that most of the people under him were Black or Filipino, set high loading goals in short times for soldiers, Racist

Question 14

Joe Small and his friend Alex ON FINAL

Answer 14

Part of New Deal. Gave works the right to organize and bargain collectively, could no longer be fired for it. Was thrown out.

One of the sailers at Port Chicago, was a natural leader. The ring leader of at the Port of Chicago men who said they wouldn’t go back to work, very calm and collected, kept tensions from exploding.

Question 15

Zoot Suit Riots

Sleepy Lagoon Murder

Answer 15

In LA because Latinos were wearing zoot suits they were easy to identify, they were all attacked by sailors and servicemen called the Taxi Cab Brigade (ignored by police), after Latinos were attacked, the police would follow and arrest them.

A Mexican American boy murdered, no evidence, but 300 young Latinos were arrested, 23 indicted and 17 convicted, brutal treatment towards them, police lt. explained that violent crime was a Mexican racial characteristic.

Revealed the depths of xenophobia and racism, helped to mobilize the Mexican community.

Question 16

Henry Leyvas

Answer 16

Was harassed by another gang, went to his gang and told them, the next day the boy (Sleepy Lagoon Murder) was found and it was blamed on his gang, he was arrested and roughed up. Involvement in the Sleepy Lagoon Murder.

Question 17

38th Street Gang

Answer 17

The gang in east LA Henry Leyvas belonged to. People in the gang were accused of a murder but there was not evidence to hold them. Racial prejudice and discrimination

Question 18

Jose Diaz

Answer 18

A young man killed in East LA, his body ws found the next morning, basis for the sleepy lagoon murder trial.

Question 19

Capt. E. Duran Ayres

Answer 19

Head of LAPD, whos said that violence was a racial characteristic of Mexicans because they were descendants of the Aztecs who were violent and cruel

Question 20

Carey McWilliams

Answer 20

Head of defense committee for the Sleepy Lagoon Murders convicts and a historian who supported the young gang members, ordered a new investigation, eventually 2 years later the convictions were overturned, brought before HUAC accused of being a Communist.

Question 21

Zoot Suit

Answer 21

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Question 22

Taxi Cab Brigade

Answer 22

200 sailors and servicemen, 4 cars across 5 cars deep with men all around went through LA streets beating up anyone in a Zoot Suit, continued the riots for 6 days until the Navy declared LA off limits

Question 23

Racial Covenants

Answer 23

White neighborhoods made covenants that when you sold your house you wouldn’t sell to a colored family (written into leases) or rent to them (thought that value of neighborhood would drop otherwise), prevented minorities from living in many places.

Question 24

Rumford Fair Housing Act

Answer 24

Rumsford and CA illegalized racial covenants. Was overturned by Prop 14, then Prop 14 was declared unconstitutional and riots broke out in Watts.

Question 25

De Jure Segregation

Answer 25

Racial segregation that is required by law.

Question 26

De Facto Segregation

Answer 26

Segregation that just happens to happen in neighborhoods and schools, cyclical.

Question 27

Prop. 14

Answer 27

Passed against the Rumford Act which outlawed racial discrimination in real estate, it passed. Was immediately challenged for violating the Civil Rights Act and the 14th amendment.

Question 28

Watts Riots

Answer 28

Exploded after Prop 14 passed, 34 people were killed in 5 days of fighting, 31/34 people killed were Af-Americans, 40 million dollars in damages, over 4,000 arrested, thousands injured, 600 buildings damaged

Question 29

Baby Boom

Answer 29

Babies born immediately after WWII-1960s. One American baby born every 7 seconds at the peak in 1957, first five years 45-50 19 million born. Many new buildings built, economy on the rise, people “repopulating” after the war, 48 million consumers born.

Question 30

Free Speech Movement

Answer 30

Students at Berkley. Series of protests over the control the Univ. had over students, political activities were regulated, sit-ins held. Gave Berkeley its reputation, attracted many radicals, turned into more protesting about the war.

Question 31

Mario Savio

Answer 31

A student leader who lead civil rights demonstrations at Berkeley, made the famous speech on the “operation of the machine” or”put your bodies upon the gears”, spent time in jail. Free Speech Movement, made very passionate speeches.

Question 32

Counter-Culter / Hippie Movement

Answer 32

Young people mostly who dropped out of society, instead of trying to change society, they tried to focus on change, within themselves, most had a lot of hatred for the war, nonconformity in America.

Question 33

People’s Park

Answer 33

Radical Berkeley Students who tried to use a piece of University owned land, University fenced it off , a mob tried to destroy the fence, and there was a riot–people threw rocks and officers fired shotguns, one person was killed, National Guard was sent in and used tear gas. Contributed to the student unrest at Berkeley, very traumatic.

Question 34

Harvey Milk

Answer 34

First openly gay man to be elected to public office, on SF Board of Supervisors, Assassinated by Dan White, sponsored two important bills, helped defeat the Briggs initiative.

Question 35

George Moscone

Answer 35

Mayor of San Francisco, liberal
What- Was assassinated in 1978 by Dan White. His trial was thought to be extremely unfair because it was associated with the Harvey Milk.

Question 36

Dan White

Answer 36

One of the SF Board of Supervisors in 1977-78, Assassinated Milk and Moscone, His trial was thought to be extremely unjust–got only 7 years and served only 5 with parole for murdering two elected officials

Question 37

“Twinkie Defense”

Answer 37

Dan White, his defense, Defense used by Dan White’s lawyers that he was depressed from eating too much junk food, Not a good defense, changed the way defense could use things to claim mental illness.