Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

History > Hist 202 Exam 2 > Flashcards

Hist 202 Exam 2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® U.S. History flashcards European History 101 flashcards AP® European History flashcards AP® World History flashcards World History 102 flashcards U.S. History 102 flashcards World History 101 flashcards U.S. History 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ming Emperor Chengzu (Yongle) relocated capital from Nanjing

A

Beijing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Purpose of Great Wall

A

Mongol threat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Founders of Qing Dynasty

A

Manchus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Group of people that hired mercenaries during Japanese civil war

A

Merchants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tokugawa Ieyasu’s control of feudal lords, similar policy of Louis XIV of France

A

Forced periodical stay in capital

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Japanese merchant status

A

Wealth, no political power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Japan’s trade relations 16th-18th centuries

A

Japan’s trade relations with Europe became more limited / restrictive.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Capital during Japanese rule of the Ashikaga Shogunate

A

Kyoto

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Childhood of Zhu Yuanzhang, Ming Dynasty founder

A

Penniless orphan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Main food supply of China

A

Rice

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

One of the results of the increase in population and urbanization during the 18th century

A

Inflation grew, making food and rent more difficult to afford for urban people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What the Seven Years’ war forced Britain and France to do

A

Raise taxes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What Britain used to assist efforts in the American revolution

A

German mercenaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Estates General

A

French legislative assembly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Contributor to France’s economic crisis of 1789

A

Poor harvest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Reason for European kings’ initial welcoming of the French Revolution

A

A weaker competing power, France

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Two fundamental principles of the Napoleonic Code

A

Legal equality of all male citizens, and absolute protection of wealth/property

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Revolters on the island of Saint-Domingue in Aug 1791

A

Slaves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Relationship between the Creoles and the Latin American peninsulares of the late 18th and early 19th centuries

A

Creoles resented economic and political dominance of the peninsulares

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Country that protected the dynasty of a European royal family

A

Brazil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

One reason industrialization began in Britain first

A

Policies of the British government

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

One major limitation of the putting-out system in the British textile industry

A

There were not enough spinners to meet demand

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Invention of Edmund Cartwright in 1785

A

Power loom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

18th century product of which coal was an essential ingredient in the manufacture.

A

Iron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Iron law of wages theory by David Ricardo

A

Population growth pressure prevents wages from rising above subsistence levels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Payers for building railroads on continental Europe

A

Governments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Factory act of 1833

A

System of full-time factory inspectors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Change of leading industrialists in 1830 Britain and 1860 Germany and France

A

More likely to have inherited their businesses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Term used by Karl Marx to describe one becoming aware of belonging to a particular social class

A

Class-consciousness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Group of people who smashed new machines responsible for putting them out of work

A

Luddites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Ideas that united the victorious allies at the Congress of Vienna

A

Motivated by traditional ideas about the balance of power

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Doctrine of Economic Liberalism that emphasizes unrestricted private enterprise and no government interference

A

Laissez faire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Ultimate source for good government according to liberals and democrats

A

The people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

A primary cause of the 1848 French Revolution

A

French government refused to consider electoral reforms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Country that sent troops to occupy Hungary to help Austria subdue it in 1849

A

Russia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Pushed Russia towards modernization

A

Crimean War

37
Q

Importance of Georges Haussmann

A

Lead massive rebuilding projects in Paris

38
Q

White collar employees group at the end of 19th century

A

Middle class

39
Q

Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution through natural selection reinforcement

A

Views of secularists such as Spencer and Marx

40
Q

Advocation of journalist Theodor Herzl

A

Creation of a Jewish state

41
Q

Civil service examinations (Confucian)

A

Competitive written tests at the prefecture, province, and capital levels in China to select men to become officials.

42
Q

Ming Dynasty (the good, the bad, architecture)

A

1368-1644 - Period of vibrant urban culture, peace, prosperity, and increased education.

Beginning of 17th century showed problems of the fiscal, military, and political nature (Eunuch establishment, emperor had too much power, mercenary army of non-Chinese northerners, fear used by government to keep officials in line (terror execution).

Creation of Great Wall to protect against the Mongols, great canal built for transportation of goods.

43
Q

Qing Dynasty

A

1644-1911, founded by Manchus.

44
Q

The Tokugawa Peace

A

Leyasu was Shogunate until 1867.

Era = the Edo period (names after locaction of city = Tokyo). Population growth, segregation, limited contact with outside world. Peace = steady population rise to 30mil by 1800. Merchants had power. Kyoto = center for making luxury goods. Osaka = chief market (rice). Pleasure sought after by men in forms of entertainment. Difficult for man to divorce wife.

45
Q

Daimyo

A

Japan’s regional lords, mainly self-made. Lifestyles paid for by raising taxes on peasants, led to protests.

46
Q

Banners

A

Manchu army units (soldiers, their families, slaves)

47
Q

Alternate residence system

A

Leyasu (Tokugawa leader) required presence of local lords annually to present uprising, families of lords stayed behind.

48
Q

Christian Evangelical approaches to Asia

A

Xavier: Focused on poor, success in Japan

Ricci: Focused on rich, believed Confucianism was compatible with Christianity

49
Q

The rise of Napoleon Bonaparte

A

Desired to end civil strife and create unity to consolidate his rule. Perceived himself as a man of destiny, glory of war and universal empire proved irresistible. Grand Empire = ruled by Napoleon and allies, including all of Europe except Great Britain.

Downfall: Not enough butter spread over too much bread, # of dependent satellite kingdoms, and the independent but allied states of Austria, Prussia, and Russia.

50
Q

Spanish and Portuguese colonial independence from Europe

A

How: Saint Domingue revolution + independence of Haiti in 1804 convinced Creole elites (mostly slaveholders) of the dangers of slave revolt / racial welfare

Why: Tax reforms, political conflicts, slavery throughout Latin-American, racial/ethnic division.

51
Q

Treaty of Paris

A

1763 peace treaty to end Seven Years War, giving French territory in NA and India to Britain, and Louisiana to Spain

52
Q

Napoleonic Code

A

French civil code made in 1804 to reassert the 1789 principles of equality for all male citizens and security of wealth + private property.

53
Q

Continental System

A

Blockade by Napoleon: no British Ships could dock at French ports.

54
Q

Creoles

A

Those of European descent born in the Americas.

55
Q

Peninsulares

A

Natives of Spain/Portugal

56
Q

Girondists

A

Moderate group that sought control for French National Convention in 1793

57
Q

Sans-culottes

A

Laboring poor of Paris, wore trousers instead of the wealthy knee breeches. Term eventally came to refer to city militant radicals.

58
Q

Inequality in European society

A

Issues with divine right of kings, those who have and those who have not.

59
Q

Constitutional Nationalism

A

Sense of nationhood based on rule of law and rights of citizens (Haiti, France, United States)

60
Q

Ideas from Locke and Montesquieu that fueled revolutions

A

Locke - natural rights

Montesquieu - separation of powers

61
Q

Battle of Quebec

A

USA’a first big loss to Britain, contention between colonies and homelands.

62
Q

Why industrial revolution began in Britain

A

1) Most stable government
2) Access to water + free trade policy
3) Natural resources (coal + Iron)
4) Higher wages
5) Viable banking system
6) Technological advances (led to better transport, led to more advances)
7) Labor supply (slavery)

63
Q

How did people respond to changes to new structure and social classes due to the industrial revolution

A

Early industrialists drew upon fam + friends for labor + capital.

Class consciousness = becoming aware that you belong to a particular social class (marx).
Bigger gap of Bourgeoisie and Proletariat

Cities began to have sprawl as people began to move their for the work factories provided.

64
Q

Crystal Palace

A

Architectural masterpiece made entirely of glass and iron of the Great Exhibition in London

65
Q

Luddites

A

Workers who smashed new machines after believing they had been put out of work by them. Began occuring in 1811 northern England and after.

66
Q

Spinning jenny

A

Hand-powered spinning machine by Hargreaves. Simple, inexpensive.

67
Q

Steam engines

A

Burns coal to produce steam to operate pump. Breakthroughs by Savery (1698), Newcomen (1705), and Watt (1769)

68
Q

Tariff protection

A

High taxes on imported goods from other countries for the government to support and aid its own economy. Ex: French responded to flood of cheaper British goods by taxing some of them.

69
Q

Rocket

A

Stephenson’s effective locomotive, first tested in 1829 on Liverpool and Manchester Railway, reached 35 mph.

70
Q

Iron law of wages

A

Theory by English economist Ricardo that population growth prevents wages from rising above subsistence level.

71
Q

Causes of Industrial revolution

A

1) Scientific revolution + enlightenment
2) Europe’s dominating role in global economy
3) Demand for good

72
Q

Keystone industries

A

Iron and steel, lead to better transportation (canals and railways) and factories.

73
Q

Neocolonialism

A

Using political, financial, and other pressures to control other countries, especially previous dependents.

74
Q

Italy’s transformation under strong leaders and nation building

A

Reorganized at 1815 congress of Vienna, having a parliament monarchy under Victor Emmanuel.

75
Q

Russia’s transformation under strong leaders and nation building

A

Efforts towards modernization were more economical than political. Railroad construction subsidized by the government in 1880 allowed agricultural Russia to export grain to invest more capital in industrialization.

76
Q

Germany’s transformation under strong leaders and nation building

A

Industry growing rapidly within Zollverein, or their customs union. Sense of nationalism came from franco-prussian war.

77
Q

Radial ideas that followed after Congress of Vienna

A 
Socialism emerged in France. Marx published communist manifesto that guided socialism.
Clear split of middle and working classes, Marx believed that class exploitation was occurring at an even higher level due to industrialization.
78
Q

Congress of Vienna

A

Quadruple alliance (Russia, Prussia, Austria, Great Britain) made lasting peace agreement that produced 50 years without major war in Europe, which sought to restore order and limit spread of revolutionary ideas.

79
Q

Conservatism

A

Retainment of traditional values and institutions (hereditary monarchy + strong landowning aristocracy).

80
Q

Liberalism

A

Liberty + equality, representative government needed with equality before the law.

81
Q

Socialism

A

Radical idea that ethic groups had their own spirit + cultural unity, manifested in common language, history, and territory.

82
Q

Romanticism

A

Emotional exuberance, imagination, spontaneity in art + personal life. Explored love, desire, hatred, guilt despair, nature, human potential (redemption), God is a real personal being.

Political and societal thought mixed with culture and artistic life.

83
Q

Dreyfus affair

A

Case that split France apart: Jewish captain in army was falsely accused and convicted of treason. One side made false evidence against him, other side had radical civil libertarians and republicans.

84
Q

Zionism

A

Jewish political nationalism

85
Q

Klemens v. Napoleon - impact on 19th century peace and prosperity in Europe.

A

Klemens - Austria foreign minister. Policies dominated German confederation, purged any subversive ideas. Hated liberalism, defended class privileges.

Napoleon - Sought peace through rule of all of Europe.

86
Q

Hungarian Revolution

A

Cause: Demand for nation autonomy and full civil liberties.

Failture: Habsburgs abolished serfdom and peasants lost interest.

87
Q

Austro-Prussian war

A

Prussia won when Bismark instigated to expel Austrians from Prussian politics.

88
Q

Urban breakthroughs - Pasteur

A

Germ thoery, heat liquid to clean (pasteurization), reduced disease and saved millions.

89
Q

Suffrage victories

A

Woman can vote in 1913, Norway initiated it, politicians took a more responsible approach.

History (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions