HIST 122 Final Flashcards
“Why We Fight”
Who: Frank Capra
What: Comes from a series of government propaganda films made by the government to explain why we are in WWII
When: early 1940s
Where: US
Significance: Portrayed that Axis victory would be horrifying; split the world into good and evil
The Atomic Bomb
Who: Harry S. Truman
What: The Manhattan Project; a bomb
When: b. 1939-1945
Where: United States and Japan
Significance: Ushers in atomic age, kills millions
Rosie the Riveter
Who: Rosie the Riveter
What: Character from a 1942 song
When: 1942-1945
Where: US
Significance: Captures the paradoxes women faced during the war; muscular with makeup
A. Philip Randolph
Who: A. Philip Randolph
What: African American labor leader who threatened to march on Washington due to discrimination
When: 1941
Where: DC and America
Significance: FDR issues EO 8802
Executive Order 8802
Who: Franklin D Roosevelt
What: Banned discrimination in the defense industry; Doesn’t apply to the military
When: 1941
Where: United States; D.C.
Significance: Created the Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC)
—-Seen as a major turning point
—-Investigated fair employment practices
—–Committee inspires political outreach
———Growth of NAACP
Korematsu v US
Who: Fred Korematsu
What: Argued that internment (of an American citizen) was unconstitutional; lost in Supreme Court
When: 1944
Where: US Supreme Court
Significance: Need to protect against espionage more important than constitutional rights
Cold War
Who: US, Russia, and allies
What: Rivalry between US and the USSR (and their respective allies)
When: 1947-1991
Where: Throughout the world, including the US and Russia
Significance: Divided the world into two spheres of influence, caused US involvement in multiple proxy wars
PS: “The Sources of Soviet Conduct”
Who: George Kennan
What: created the policy of containment
When: 1947
Where: in Foreign Affairs magazine, eventually spread everywhere
Significance: Basis of US foreign policy during the Cold War
Containment
Who: George Kennan
What: Policy of trying to stop the spread of communism and USSR influence
When: 1946
Where: Throughout the world
Significance: Basis of US foreign policy throughout the Cold War
Truman Doctrine
Who: Harry Truman
What: Divdes the world into democratic and communist; USA could and should provide support to countries fighting against communism
When: 1947
Where: US
Significance: Allows US to send assistance of 400 million dollars to Greece and Turkey regimes; allows the US the right to intervene in foreign affairs
NSC-68
Who: National Security Agency
What: Making a case to protect national security through defense spending
When: 1950
Where: US
Significance: Caused US defense spending to skyrocket
Korean War
Who: US, North Korea, South Korea, USSR
What: War between North Korea and South Korea; North invades South
When: 1950-1953
Where: Korean penninsula
Significance: Bolstered ideas behind NSC-68
Second Red Scare
Who: Joe McCarthy, Harry Truman
What: People were accused of being communist and had to either point out other names or have their careers and ultimately their lives ruined
When: 1947-1954
Where: US
Significance: Caused a wave of paranoia; the fear of communists became more intense
Atomic Age
Who: Dwight Eisenhower, Joseph Stalin
What: After the USSR successfully got nukes, the US feared nuclear war. The US increased defense spending
When: 1947-1991
Where: US, USSR
Significance: the beginning of the Cold War; fear of atomic weapons being used
“Modern Republicanism”
Who: Dwight Eisenhower
What: Classic small governemnt republican; Critized “big government”
BUT distanced party from Hoover; And did not dismantle most New Deal social welfare programs (actually expanded some like (social security))
When: 1953-1961
Where: US
Significance: the public began to trust Republicans in the Presidency again since they didn’t after the Great Depression; helped disprove the conception Republicans will eliminate New Deal programs
Civil Defense
Who: Dwight Eisenhower
What: Efforts to prepare the public for attack
When: mid 1950s through the Cold War
Where: US
Significance: Increased the paranoia surrounding communists and atomic bombs being used.
Cultural Differentiation
Who: Dwight D. Eisenhower
What: How the US sought to distinguish itself from the USSR in culture
When: mid 1950s to the end of the cold war
Where: US
Significance: Shows how the US wants to not be able to be similar to the USSR in any way. Through this, US is able to hold a superiority complex because they think their culture is better. US culture became more religious
Cold War Domesticity
Who: Dwight D. Eisenhower
What: Ideal model of family life
Women were supposed to be housewives
When: mid 1950s to the end of the cold war
Where: US
Significance: Pushed gender stereotypes of how women are supposed to be regardless of how women have been gradually joining the workforce for years. Also, women are supposed to stay home and take care of the kids.
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Who: Oliver Brown
What: “Separate but Equal” not constitutional in education
When: 1954
Where: US Supreme Court
Significance: Deprives segregation of its moral legitimacy; Bolsters the growing movement for civil rights; bolsters massive resistance
Massive Resistance
Who: white people, including men and women
What: Efforts to prevent desegregation
When: 1950s-1960s
Where: the South
Significance: Showed how little the culture has changed in the south in regards to racism. Showed how people still viewed black people as less than and not equal to white people
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Who: Rosa Parks, E.D. Nixon, Jo Ann Robinson and the Women’s Political Council
What: a boycott of the Montgomery the bus system
When: 1955-1956
Where: Montgomery, Alabama
Significance: Showed how much influence black people have on the economy, how non-violent protests work, got rid of bus segregation in Montgomery, and how black people need to take charge of getting rid of segregation
PS: “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”
Who: Martin Luther King Jr.
What: A letter about the dangers of the white moderate and explaining the core ideas of the civil rights movement
When: 1963
Where: Birmingham Jail, spread across the US
Significance: Brought widespread attention to civil rights movement; Increased support for civil rights; JFK shifted to focusing on civil rights
