HIST 1011 Review Flashcards
St. Petersburg
St. Petersburg was a city founded in the 18th century by the Russian emperor, Tsar Peter the Great, after he had acquired the land from Sweden in the Great Northern war. The formation of Saint Petersburg represents modernization, westernization, and the expansion of the Russian Empire. The formation of St. Petersburg was a cultural revolution, and became the center of scientific knowledge, new universities, and maritime trade in Russia.
Manchester
Manchester rapidly grew to become the world’s first and most industrial city during the British Industrial revolution in the 18th century. Manchester’s canals, textiles, and raw materials for production grew the city’s wealth created by cotton. The flourishing economy was also attributed to the Manchester School of Economics, and their Free trade/ Laissez-Faire capitalism, which allowed significant access to Markets. Their busy mills and factories made the city conducive to the industrial advancements being made in Britain.
Millet System
The Millet system was an idea practiced by the Ottoman Empire in the 16th century, and used until the end of the empire in the early 20th century, and was introduced after the Sultans encouraged people of all ethnicities to live in the Ottoman empire. Under the Millet System, non-muslim religious communities in the empire had their own leader, and were allowed to regulate their internal affairs according to their own laws. Each non-muslim millet was given the freedom to coordinate their own education, laws, and practices according to their cultures and norms.
Hatian Revolution
the Haitian Revolution was a slave revolution in the 18th century by those who sought independence from France and the brutality of slave owners. The revolution was inspired by the French Revolution, enlightenment ideals, and rumors that France has outlawed slavery. When the French military could not suppress the rebellion, France abolished slavery, establishing an independent country governed by former slaves, marking the only successful slave revolt in history.
Chinese rites controversy
The Chinese Rites Controversy, which took place in the 17th and 18th centuries, during the Qing dynasty was a dispute over whether Chinese rites and customs could coexist/ were compatible with christian beliefs. Mendicant missionaries objected to how Jesuits accommodated Chinese rites. This dispute led to the banishment of Christian missionaries, limiting the conversion of Christianity of the Qing Dynasty in China, and reaffirming confucian rituals.
Gelukspa Buddhism
Gelukspa Buddhism, a Tibetan religion was founded in the 15th century, and was inspired by the works of Tibetan Master Tsongkhapa, and reports to the head of the Gelukspa sect: The Dalai Lama. This form of Buddhism is very decentralized, built on monasteries, and exercised a lot of secular power. Gelukspa Buddhism established control over Tibet using an army of Mongols, and after winning the Chinese Rites Controversy, created a powerful organization throughout the Asian Qing dynasty where they could convert China.
