Hispanic Culture Flashcards
know pgs. 107-108
I. GENERAL BACKGROUND INFORMATION**
•Many Hispanics like to be labeled according to their country of origin (e.g., Mexican American)
•
•“Latino” may be a preferred term
•
•
•Religion—usually Catholicism—plays an important role
- From the years 2000-2013, Hispanics accounted for more than _____ the population growth in the U.S.
- Nearly 2/3 are from _________
- From the years 2000-2013, Hispanics accounted for more than half the population growth in the U.S.
- Nearly 2/3 are from Mexico
- Dramatic increase of hispanics in nontraditional states throughout 21st century
- E.g. wyoming (oil rigs), iowa, kansas (meatpacking plants)
- Attendance of children at school is an issue due to _________ and frequent trips back to Mexico
•Attendance of children at school is an issue due to migrancy and frequent trips back to Mexico
- Hispanics are descendants of _________ __________ who settled in americas long before the spanish conquest
- Each hispanic country has its own holidays
- Hispanics are descendants of native americans who settled in americas long before the spanish conquest
- Each hispanic country has its own holidays
Despite social and economic disadvantages, Hispanics demonstrate
- Low _________ utilization
- High ________ force participation
- Strong family __________
Despite social and economic disadvantages, Hispanics demonstrate
- Low welfare utilization
- High labor force participation
- Strong family values
II. HISPANIC EDUCATION**
- Education is very important to families; they hold _________ in high regard
- If we ask families to participate (e.g., in homework) they may be _________—that is your job—you are the teacher!
II. HISPANIC EDUCATION**
- Education is very important to families; they hold teachers in high regard
- If we ask families to participate (e.g., in homework) they may be offended—that is your job—you are the teacher!
In some Hispanic countries…**
- __________ is not mandatory past a certain point (e.g., 8th grade)
- __________ may not be encouraged, especially for females
- $$$ is saved, not spent on education and material things
- You have to buy your uniforms and books out of pocket— people can’t afford it
In some Hispanic countries…**
- Education is not mandatory past a certain point (e.g., 8th grade)
- Education may not be encouraged, especially for females
- $$$ is saved, not spent on education and material things
- You have to buy your uniforms and books out of pocket— people can’t afford it
In the U.S., statistically, Hispanic students
- Frequently ______ below proficiency level
- Often drop out (42% hispanics no diploma)
- Increase in ___________
In the U.S., statistically, Hispanic students
- Frequently read below proficiency level
- Often drop out (42% hispanics no diploma)
- Increase in incarceration
Statistics show that:
- Hispanic ch enrolled less in __________ than some other groups (encourage enrollment)
- Offer moms to stick around and ___________
Statistics show that:
- Hispanic ch enrolled less in preschool than some other groups (encourage enrollment)
- Offer moms to stick around and volunteer
Jackson, Schatschneider, & Leacox, 2014 (January issue of Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools):**
- Studied growth of vocab skills in young Spanish-English children in migrant families
- Concern: ___% of Latino __th graders score at or below basic level in reading achievement
- Ch from migrant families experience multiple _______ factors
- ___% of mexican migrant mothers have less than a _______ _______ education
- 70% below ________ line
- Mexican migrant ch had least number of _______ in home and were read to less frequently compared to afr. Am and white
Jackson, Schatschneider, & Leacox, 2014 (January issue of Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools):**
- Studied growth of vocabulary skills in young Spanish-English children in migrant families
- Concern: 50% of Latino 4th graders score at or below basic level in reading achievement
- Ch from migrant families experience multiple risk factors
- 75% of mexican migrant mothers have less than a high school education
- 70% below poverty line
- Mexican migrant ch had least number of books in home and were read to less frequently compared to afr. Am and white
Mancilla-Martinez, et al. (2016).
Hispanic ch 0-5 largest and fastest growing segment of population
Most low ses
___% ch in Head Start
•_______ reports are valid and cost effective way to monitor ch’s vocab
Mancilla-Martinez, et al. (2016).
Hispanic ch 0-5 largest and fastest growing segment of population
Most low ses
40% ch in Head Start
•Parent reports are valid and cost effective way to monitor ch’s vocab
- Hispanic Culture Mainstream
- Collective orientation individual orientation
- Interdependence independence
- Cooperation competition
- Saving face being direct
- Relaxed with time punctuality
- interpersonal relations task orientation
- (________ - positive personal relationships)
- Patriarchial families democratic families
- Relaxed w/ch. dev. Child independence
- Respect for elderly less respect
- Extended families nuclear families
__________ - positive personal relationships)
IV. HEALTH CARE AND BELIEFS REGARDING DISABILITIES**
- Poverty a major issue—lack of health insurance—”_________ ______”
- May be resistance to _____________; family should care for those with disabilities
- Visible disability attributed to external causes such as witchcraft, evil (esp. among older, more rural Hispanics; prevalent to this day in Mexico)
- May be difficult to accept “__________” conditions
IV. HEALTH CARE AND BELIEFS REGARDING DISABILITIES**
- Poverty a major issue—lack of health insurance—”Working Poor”
- May be resistance to institutionalization; family should care for those with disabilities
- Visible disability attributed to external causes such as witchcraft, evil (esp. among older, more rural Hispanics; prevalent to this day in Mexico)
- May be difficult to accept “invisible” conditions
Other health considerations…
- Hispanics 2x as likely as other groups to live in areas with high ______ exposure
- Hispanics- 82% of farm worker force highest group affected by _________ poisoning
- Hispanics 2x as likely as other groups to live in areas with high lead exposure
- Hispanics- 82% of farm worker force highest group affected by pesticide poisoning
V. IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFESSIONALS**
- address the ________ first
- many Hispanic mothers believe that schooling is the “teacher’s job;” don’t always label things for children or talk directly with them—encourage parents to do _________ stimulation activities with their children (including reading)
- Remember that parents are not “__________;” they just respect the school system. Encourage involvement
- _________ contact better than letters, memos, emails
- Esp true when discussing something emotional like a ch w/disability
Encourage parents to maintain ch’s _________
Fluent spanish better than broken english
V. IMPLICATIONS FOR PROFESSIONALS**
- address the husband first
- many Hispanic mothers believe that schooling is the “teacher’s job;” don’t always label things for children or talk directly with them—encourage parents to do language stimulation activities with their children (including reading)
- Remember that parents are not “uninvolved;” they just respect the school system. Encourage involvement
- Personal contact better than letters, memos, emails
- Esp true when discussing something emotional like a ch w/disability
Encourage parents to maintain ch’s spanish
Fluent spanish better than broken english
VII. ASSESSMENT & INTERVENTION**
- Parent interview using the __________ (in book) is valid and reliable for trying to determine the presence of a __________ impairment
- Know for test!
VII. ASSESSMENT & INTERVENTION**
- Parent interview using the MacArthur (in book) is valid and reliable for trying to determine the presence of a language impairment
- Know for test!
Wonderful recent research (Caesar & Nelson, 2013; cited in 112 class) found that w/migrant hispanic families:
- Group A: bags, books, paper, colored pencils-bring home
- Group B: Just bags and books—bring home
- Group A asked, on weekend, to journal in Sp and draw about week’s activities, bring back Monday morning
- On pre-lit spanish and eng group A did better
- Showed simple journaling and drawing pics worked for low-ses migrant families w/limited or no english
During assessment, remember:**
•Hispanic children will often provide _________ rather than _______ of objects
During assessment, remember:**
•Hispanic children will often provide functions rather than names of objects
VI. LANGUAGE AND ARTICULATION**
- ___________ follow the ______ (el perro de Juan instead of “Juan’s dog”)
- ___________ generally come after the _______ (casa grande instead of “big house”)
VI. LANGUAGE AND ARTICULATION**
- Possessives follow the noun (el perro de Juan instead of “Juan’s dog”)
- Adjectives generally come after the noun (casa grande instead of “big house”)
Research—good tests for LI:**
- _________ samples
- _________ Ages and Stages Questionnaire
- Measures of ____________ (children especially have difficulty with Spanish articles and other structures linked to the verb system)
Research—good tests for LI:**
- Language samples
- Spanish Ages and Stages Questionnaire
- Measures of grammaticality (children especially have difficulty with Spanish articles and other structures linked to the verb system)
Ebert, 2016 ASHA:
- Dev. Questions related to parent interaction often reflect ______-________cultural values
- Eg, engaging in ch-directed play
- Ask ch to perform previously ____________ skills
- When we take case hx’s from parents, be _________ in our questions
- dont ask “does anyone in your family have a speech-langugae problem?”
- Instead: “does an ant, uncle, sibling or grandparent have any problems with listening, talking, reading, or writing?”
Ebert, 2016 ASHA:
- Dev. Questions related to parent interaction often reflect euro-american cultural values
- Eg, engaging in ch-directed play
- Ask ch to perform previously demonstrated skills
- When we take case hx’s from parents, be specific in our questions
- dont ask “does anyone in your family have a speech-langugae problem?”
- Instead: “does an ant, uncle, sibling or grandparent have any problems with listening, talking, reading, or writing?”
In therapy:**
- Encourage ___________
- Especially encourage ________ and ___________ tasks
- Incorporate __________!!
In therapy:**
- Encourage verbalization
- Especially encourage naming and description tasks
- Incorporate literacy!!
Mendez et al. 2015 found:
- Ch taught spanish and english had signif. ________ scores in both langs than ch taught in english only
- If ch taught english only, slow rate of english oral lang dev
Mendez et al. 2015 found:
- Ch taught spanish and english had signif. better scores in both langs than ch taught in english only
- If ch taught english only, slow rate of english oral lang dev
